Pb（II） biosorption using chitosan and chitosan derivatives beads： Equilibrium, ion exchange and mechanism studies

The study examined the adsorption of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solution onto chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads. Several important parameters influencing the adsorption of Pb(II) ions such as initial pH, adsorbent dosage and di erent initial concentration of Pb(II) ions were evaluated. The mechanism involved during the adsorption process was explored based on ion exchange study and using spectroscopic techniques. The adsorption capacities obtained based on non–linear Langmuir isotherm for chitosan, chitosan-GLA and chitosan-alginate beads in single metal system were 34.98, 14.24 and 60.27 mg/g, respectively. However, the adsorption capacity of Pb(II) ions were reduced in the binary metal system due to the competitive adsorption between Pb(II) and Cu(II) ions. Based on the ion exchange study, the release of Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+ ions played an important role in the adsorption of Pb(II) ions by all three adsorbents but only at lower concentrations of Pb(II) ions. Infrared spectra showed that the binding between Pb(II) ions and the adsorbents involved mostly the nitrogen and oxygen atoms. All three adsorbents showed satisfactory adsorption capacities and can be considered as an e cient adsorbent for the removal of Pb(II) ions from aqueous solutions.     

屠宰企业环境影响评价技术要点探讨

通过调查北京市南郊某大型宰猪厂企业基本情况、生产工艺,现场监测该厂废水、噪声、固体废弃物等污染物排放现状,详细分析了屠宰厂主要环境问题和污染物排放种类、特性,最终确定项目符合性分析和水环境影响预测为屠宰企业的环境影响评价要点。     

Chitosan and chemically modified chitosan beads for acid dyes sorption

The capabilities of chitosan and chitosan-EGDE (ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether) beads for removing Acid Red 37 (AR 37) and Acid Blue 25 (AB 25) from aqueous solution were examined. Chitosan beads were cross-linked with EGDE to enhance its chemical resistance and mechanical strength. Experiments were performed as a function of pH, agitation period and concentration of AR 37 and AB 25. It was shown that the adsorption capacities of chitosan were comparatively higher than chitosan-EGDE for both acid dyes. This is mainly because cross-linking using EGDE reduces the major adsorption sites -NH3+ on chitosan. Langmuir isotherm model showed best conformity compared to Freundlich and BET. The kinetic experimental data agreed very well to the pseudo second-order kinetic model. The desorption study revealed that after three cycles of adsorption and desorption by NaOH and HCl, both adsorbents retained their promising adsorption abilities. FT-IR analysis proved that the adsorption of acid dyes onto chitosan-based adsorbents was a physical adsorption. Results also showed that chitosan and chitosan-EGDE beads were favourable adsorbers and could be employed as low-cost alternatives for the removal of acid dyes in wastewater treatment.     

浅析土壤渗滤技术在再生水处理中的应用

从再生水常用处理技术入手,重点介绍了土壤渗滤处理技术,并将土壤渗滤技术与其他处理技术进行比较,指出土壤渗滤技术的优势及存在的问题,对土壤渗滤技术在再生水处理中的应用进行了展望。     

2010年2月27日智利地震地球球型自由振荡研究

利用中国数字地震台网（CDSN）5个台站的波形资料,采用功率谱密度估计方法,提取了智利地震激发的地球球型自由振荡,并与地球初步参考模型（PREM）的理论自由振荡周期进行对比,发现球型振荡振型周期与地球初步参考模型预测的球型自由振荡周期基本吻合。所得结果可以进一步用来研究地震震源机制和地球内部结构,并对大地震的震源破裂分布给出一定的约束。     

某型军用电源车高低温环境试验方法探讨

为科学合理地考核某型军用电源车在高低温环境下的性能指标,需要综合考虑该电源车的结构特点,参照不同的试验标准提出试验内容和方法。分析了不同标准在进行实验室高低温环境试验时试验内容的差别,通过对某型军用电源车主要战技指标分析,依据研制总要求,对试验内容进行合理剪裁,对试验顺序进行了适当调整,提出了针对某型军用电源车的试验内容和方法。     

环保专项资金项目绩效评价个性指标设计研究——以江苏省省级节能减排(重点污染排放治理)专项引导资金为例

为适应江苏省财政资金绩效评价工作需要,定量、科学地评价环保专项资金项目实施成效,本文以江苏省省级节能减排(重点污染排放治理)专项引导资金项目为例,探讨了项目绩效评价个性指标设计方法。基于SMART原则设计并形成一套个性指标体系,包括资金效益、项目产出和环境效益三方面内容,共13项评价指标。该指标体系按不同类别分别对减排资金项目的绩效进行客观评价,既反映了项目实施成效,也满足了宏观管理需求,可为今后相关工作的开展提供依据。     

239+240Pu作为湖泊沉积物计年时标:以云南程海为例

在近代沉积作用领域137Cs时标与210Pb计年结合,获得了广泛而有效的应用.然而,137Cs经过两个半衰期的衰变已难于辩识.环境中的Pu核素具有相对较长的半衰期,也随全球大气扩散而散落于地球表面,可望作为沉积计年的时间标志.通过程海沉积物柱芯中239+240Pu比活度、240Pu/239Pu原子比率及校正到沉积年代的...     

造纸废水二级生化出水的电离辐射深度处理

探讨了采用电离辐射对造纸废水二级生化出水进行深度处理的可行性.结果表明,二级生化出水主要由相对分子质量为1000～3000和3000以上的有机物组成,它们对COD的贡献分别为69.5%和6.9%,它们对溶解性有机质（DOC）的贡献分别为40.6%和31.6%.电离辐射促使废水中的一些大分子有机物向小分子有机物转化,相对...     

广东汕头市农业土壤和蔬菜铅含量及健康风险评估

重金属元素铅的危害已经引起人们的广泛关注,为了得到汕头市土壤及蔬菜铅污染的状况,选取了该市115个土壤样品及34个蔬菜样品进行铅含量分析.研究发现,汕头市土壤样品铅含量差异较大,最高含量为110mg/kg,最低含量则为12.1mg/kg,极差达到97.9mg/kg.56.52%的土壤样品铅含量超过国家土壤环境质量标准,表明该市土壤铅污染存在普遍性,且各区(县)土壤铅含量极不均匀.汕头市蔬菜样品铅含量全部超过国家食品卫生标准(GB 14935-94),不同蔬菜品种对铅的富集能力均较强,蔬菜样品铅最低含量为5mg/kg,最高含量为85mg/kg,分别为国家标准限值的5倍和425倍.经分析认为,该市铅污染源主要来自工业"三废"排放、大量含铅农药的使用、汽车尾气排放以及大气沉降等.还对汕头市民通过食用蔬菜而导致的铅暴露进行了健康风险评估,结果表明该市居民使用蔬菜存在较大的健康风险.