天津污灌区苯并(a)芘的分布和迁移通量模型

建立了估算苯并 (a)芘在天津污灌区气、水、土壤及沉积物相间的迁移通量和浓度分布的逸度模型框架 ,利用通量资料作为模型输入 ,利用实测浓度数据验证了模型的可靠性 .结果表明 ,模型对大气、地表水、土壤和沉积物中浓度的估算大体吻合 ,沉积物和土壤是苯并 (a)芘的主要环境归宿 ,而大气中的平衡浓度相对较低 ,水体及土壤中的苯并 (a)芘可能通过作物和鱼体富集而进入生态系统 .     

气浮过程中的界面相互作用

首先讨论了水体颗粒物的基本性质以及气泡的形成过程，而后对气液界面上胶体颗粒的吸附进行分析。其次讨论了气浮过程中，气泡与颗粒物之间的相互作用。对气泡与颗粒物之间的碰撞进行分析。结合紊流气浮的理论与应用，在气浮过程中的界面相互作用分析的基础上。设计了一种新型集成的溶气气浮水处理工艺，即逆流共聚气浮工艺，并对其运行情况进行了研究。探讨了其中的界面相互作用对气浮效果的影响，进一步与传统工艺进行了对比。     

不同体系中黄河沉积物对Cd2+吸附能力的比较

以黄河包头段的沉积物为吸附剂,分别以Cd~(2 )单离子溶液体系和Pb~(2 )、Cu~(2 )、Zn~(2 )、Cd~(2 ) 4种离子的混合溶液体系为吸附质,开展了在不同体系中Cd~(2 )的吸附、形态转化及释放等的比较实验。结果表明,不同体系中,Cd~(2 )的吸附等温线类型、吸附量、pH突跃区域的差别均较大,但不同体系中Cd~(2 )被沉积物吸附后的形态转化趋势基本相同;多离子体系中Cd~(2 )被吸附后的释放百分率比对应时间的单离子体系大,且释放曲线的峰型亦不同。     

Catalysts for decomposing ozone tail gas

The preparation of immobilizing-catalysts for decomposing ozone by using dipping method was studied. XRD, XPS and TEM were used to characterize the catalysts. The three kinds of catalysts were selected preferentially, and their catalytic activities were investigated. The results showed that the catalyst with activated carbon dipping acetate( active components are Mn:Cu = 3:2, active component proportion in catalyst is 15%, calcination temperature is 200℃ ) has the best catalytic activity for ozone decomposing. One gram of catalyst can decompose 17.6g ozone at initial ozone concentration of 2.5g/m^3 and the residence time in reactor of 0.1s. The experimental results also indicated that humidity of reaction system had negative effect on catalytic activity.     

Elemental sulfur effects on Pb and Zn uptake by Indian mustard and winter wheat

A pot experiment was conducted to investigate the influence of elemental sulfur to contaminated soil on plant uptake by a heavy metal hyperaccumulator, Indian mustard( Brassica juncea ) and a field crop, winter wheat( Triticum. aestivum). Elemental sulfur(S) with different rates was carried out, they were 0(S0 ), 20(S20 ), 40(S40 ), 80(S80 ), and 160(S160 ) mmol/kg respectively. Extra pots with the same rates of S but without plants were used for soil sampling to monitor pH and CaCl2-extractable heavy metal changes. The results showed that S enhanced phytoextraction of Pb and Zn from contaminated soil. Application S effectively decreased soil pH down to 1.1 as the most at the rate of Sl60. The concentrations of CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn in soil and uptake of Pb and Zn by the plants were increased with soil pH decreased. A good correlation between CaCl2-extractable Pb/Zn and soil pH was found( Rpb^2 = 0.847 and RZn^2 = 0,991, n = 25). With S application, soil CaCl2-extractable Pb and Zn concentrations, concentration of Pb and Zn in plants and the amount of removal by plant uptake were significanfly higher than those without S. Under the treatment of S160, the highest CaCl2-extmctable Pb and Zn were observed, they were 4.23 mg/kg and 0.40 mg/kg, 2.7 and 2.0 times as that of the control(So ) respectively. At the highest rates of S( Sl~0 ), both Indian mustard and winter wheat reached the highest uptake of Pb and Zn. The highest Pb concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 32.8 mg/kg and 537.0 mg/kg, all 1.8 times as that of the control, and the highest Zn concentrations in wheat and Indian mustard were 215.5 mg/kg and 404.0 mg/kg, 2.4 and 2.0 times as that of the control respectively. The highest removals of Pb and Zn from the contaminated soil were 0.41 rag/pot and 0.31 nag/pot by Indian mustard in the treatment of S160 through 50 days growth.     

水域悬浮固体含量的遥感定量研究

该文提出了反射率与悬浮固体含量之间的理论关系式——负指数关系式,并确定了其与经验公式的关系。理论分析和实际应用的结果表明,该式精度高于原有公式的精度,是目前遥感水中悬浮固体含量的最佳公式。将该式应用于杭州湾水域悬浮固体含量调查中取得了成功。     

阴极极化对金属电极表面微生物膜的影响

阴极极化对不锈钢表面微生物膜的附着有一定的影响,通过 荧光显微镜记数和细菌双染色方法(AO+PI),对在不同电位下极 化过的不锈钢表面进行了观察,同时做了对比实验。实验证明在一 定的范围内(-800mV~-1000mV),阴极极化对微生物向洁净金属 表面的附着有一定的抑制作用,但是对已经附着的微生物膜不能 够起到脱除或完全杀灭作用,只能杀死靠近金属表面的微生物。通 过模拟膜实验,从侧面证明了只有微生物膜附着而无生物活性时, 钝性金属的开路电位不会发生正移。     

水解作为污水生物脱氮预处理工艺的可行性研究

通过现场中试对水解过程有机物的降解和SS去除情况进行分析，并通过批量实验对比了水解前后污水的反硝化速率。结果表明：采用厌氧水解取代初沉池作为生物脱氮的预处理工艺，可以有效提高后续生物处理工艺的效率，并可补充一定量的反硝化碳源。     

直岗拉卡水电站工程生态环境的影响分析

直岗拉卡水电站地处青藏高原,是黄河上游第4个梯级电站,工程所处区域属生态环境十分敏感和脆弱的青藏高原。论文在阐述直岗拉卡水电站工程影响区生态环境基本特征的基础上,度量了该区域生物多样性及电站运行后对生态环境的影响程度,提出了相关对策。分析表明,直岗拉卡水电站工程在实施严格的环境保护措施后对生态环境的影响是可以接受的。     

环境矿物材料在微污染水处理中的应用前景

自来水厂传统工艺对水中微量有机物没有明显的去除效果，常规净化工艺也很难去除重金属离子和氨氮等涪染物。环境矿物材料具有来源广泛和良好的使用性能、无生态副作用等特点，对微污染水具有较好的处理效果。本文论述了沸石和磷灰石对污染物的去除机理，探讨了基于环境矿物材料的人工快滤系统在净化微污染水中的应用前景。