气动絮凝动力学机理探讨及试验分析

对气动絮凝动力学机理进行进一步探讨,并在设定的絮凝条件下,进行试验室小试,分析气动絮凝对浊度、COD等污染指标的去除效果和提高溶解氧的意义,并简单比较了其气动絮凝与机械絮凝的差异。通过机理探讨和试验效果分析,展望气动絮凝方式进行污水强化一级处理的研究方向。     

Effects of environmental factors on the production and release of matrix-bound phosphine from lake sediments

Effects of pH, temperature, and oxygen on the production and release of phosphine in eutrophic lake sediments were investigated under laboratory tests. Results indicated that the elimination of matrix-bound phosphine was accelerated under initial pH 1 or 12. Phosphine levels could reach maximum under initial pH 10. The contents of phosphine increased with the addition of alkali under pH 4–12. The rates of phosphine production and release from lake sediments varied with temperature. 20°C was the most favorable temperature for the production of matrix-bound phosphine. Oxygen showed little effect on matrix-bound phosphine. Matrix-bound phosphine concentrations in lake sediments were concluded to be dependent on a balance of natural generation and depletion processes. Translated from Acta Scientise Circumstantiae, 2005, 25(5): 681–685 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Acid resistance of methanogenic bacteria in a two-stage anaerobic process treating high concentration methanol Wastewater

In this study, the two-stage upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) system and batch experiments were employed to evaluate the performance of anaerobic digestion for the treatment of high concentration methanol wastewater. The acid resistance of granular sludge and methanogenic bacteria and their metabolizing activity were investigated. The results show that the pH of the first UASB changed from 4.9 to 5.8 and 5.5 to 6.2 for the second reactor. Apparently, these were not the advisable pH levels that common methanogenic bacteria could accept. The methanogenic bacteria of the system, viz. Methanosarcina barkeri, had some acid resistance and could still degrade methanol at pH 5.0. If the methanogenic bacteria were trained further, their acid resistance would be improved somewhat. Granular sludge of the system could protect the methanogenic bacteria within its body against the impact of the acidic environment and make them degrade methanol at pH 4.5. The performance of granular sludge was attributed to its structure, bacteria species, and the distribution of bacterium inside the granule. Translated from Acta Scientiae Circumstantiae, 2004, 24(4): 633–636 [译自: 环境科学学报]     

Spatial distribution of ecological security status assessment of West-Liaohe River based on geographic information system

Eco-security assessment is a hot research area in resource and environmental science, which involves data with much spatial, non-linear, and random features. Geographic information system (GIS), as a useful tool to analyze and manage spatial information, has a superior advantage in this field. A case study in the western part of the Liaohe River featuring a method of eco-security spatial differences (ESSD) based on GIS is developed in this paper. The method includes four steps: 1) developing the pressure-state-response (P-S-R) framework with site data; 2) digitizing West-Liaohe River and setting its GRID database of ecosecurity assessment indicators; 3) figuring out the relative membership degree (RMD) of eco-security indicators by using the analytical hierarchy process with the weight of indicator; 4) classifying the security zone and mapping the assessment result of eco-security status in grid by GIS method of assigning and clustering. The visual spatial differences of eco-security based on GIS enables decision makers to know the status of eco-security better in making policies for achieving sustainability. __________ Translated from Environmental Science, 2005, 26(5): 28–33 [译自: 环境科学]     

乌金塘水库水体中钼污染现状及其防治对策

通过对乌金塘水库水质的监测和调查分析，了解了乌金塘水库水水质中钼（Mo）的污染状况和来源。根据监测结果可以判断，乌金塘水库处于严重污染状态。提出通过采取必要的防治措施，乌金塘水库可以满足饮用要求。     

钢结构件生产加工项目环境影响评价技术浅议

介绍了钢结构件生产加工项目环境影响评价中工程分析、污染防治措施以及清洁生产等方面的环境影响评价要点，以期为同类项目的环境影响评价、污染治理和环境管理提供参考。     

受污染地表水体生物修复技术研究进展

主要介绍了受污染地表水体生物修复技术的类型及特点,综述了国内外关于受污染地表水体生物修复技术研究及应用的现状,并对生物修复技术的研究及应用进行了展望.     

国内外城市绿脉规划实践初探

在城市化的进程中,城市发展与生态环境建设之间的矛盾日益突出。绿脉规划作为保证城市可持续发展的一种有效手段正逐步融入到城市规划中。城市绿脉规划不但对自然资源起到保护作用,满足人们的休闲娱乐的需要,恢复并保存了有价值的文化资源,还对城市空间布局和城市生态环境建设具有引导作用。文章列举了美国、欧洲和亚洲的部分特大型城市绿脉规划的实践经验,以及我国城市在绿脉规划方面的尝试。最后,对绿脉规划过程中需要注意的问题进行了讨论并提出建议。     

绿色GDP核算框架下的水环境治理效益评价

水环境的治理对于经济、社会的发展都具有重要意义。在此,以国家“十五”重大科技水专项分课题武汉水专项的实施为背景,在绿色GDP核算框架下对水环境治理效益进行了评价。     

水中硫化物在线检测仪的研制

介绍硫离子在线检测仪的测定原理和基本系统结构,仪器采用流动注射法(FIA),具有测定周期短、试剂用量少的优点,该方法(显色剂为对二甲氨基苯胺)测定波长为665nm,工作范围ρ=2.0～25.0mg·L-1。回收率为96.1%～101.8%。