新农药环境化学行为研究(V)-—三氟羧草醚(Acifluorfen)在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋｆ＝０．９４Ｗｏｍ＋０．６５Ｗｃｌａｙ－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ＾２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与ＣＵ＾２＋形成的双核桥联合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在〈     

生态经济持续性的度量和趋势预测——以甘肃武威市为例

应用生态占用模型,对武威市生态经济的可持续性进行了评价。对武威的生物资源、能源资源和制成品资源消费的生态占用的计算结果表明,1999年武威市人均占用生物生产性空间为1.589423hm₂,调整后的武威实际生产空间供给为0.856876hm₂/人。1999年武威生态赤字0.73254hm₂/人。对于世界56个国家和地区的人均生态占用和人均GDP数据进行分析,认为二者高度相关。用幂指数模型进行趋势拟合,具有较好的拟合优度和理论一致性。武威生态占用处于强的扩张时期,到2015年,人均生态占用将会达到2.60142hm₂/人,而当年实际生态承载力阈值预测值为1.0657hm₂/人。人均生态赤字扩大到1.5357hm₂/人。生态经济系统的运行是以过度消耗自然资本为代价的。     

我国城市污泥中醚类和卤代烃类有机污染物的初步研究

应用GC／MS联机检测技术对我国大陆和香港共11个城市污泥中4种醚类和4种卤代烃类化合物进行分析。结果表明，醚类化合物的总含量在0－7．743mg/kg之间，以双（2－氯异丙基）醚为主，主要分布在兰州污泥和广州污泥中；卤代烃类化合物的总含量在0．007－3．237mg/kg之间，以六氯环戊二烯为主，主要分布在兰州污泥、佛山污泥和沙田（香港）污泥中。污泥中醚类和卤代烃类化合物的种类及其含量与污水来源、污水处理方式、污泥类型、化合物的结构和理化性质等因素有关。     

景观及视觉影响评价初探

介绍了国内外开展景观与视觉影响评价的情况和意义 ,提出了景观与视觉影响评价的基本概念、步骤、内容和方法 ,介绍了一种较为简便、实用的用于景观与视觉影响评价的定量方法。提出了进行这项工作的难点问题及设想建议。     

Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto bentonites modified with AlCl3 and CTMAB

The purpose of this work is to synthesize a new type of bentonite sorbent that can simultaneously remove both organic compounds and phosphate from water. Inorganic-organic bentonites (Al-CTMAB-Bent) were synthesized by modifying bentonites with both AlCl₃ and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB). Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto Al-CTMAB-Bent was examined. Removal rates of phenanthrene and phosphate from water reached 96.3% and 90.2%, respectively, at their respective initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L and the added amount of Al-CTMAB-Bent was 1.25 g/L. The residual turbidity of the Al-CTMAB-Bent suspension decreased 81.4% compared to that of organobentonite suspension after a 1 h settling time. Thus, inorganic-organic bentonite can be used to treat wastewater containing both organic pollutants and phosphate. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

松华坝饮用水源区补偿政策探讨

根据昆明政府颁布的《昆明市松华坝水源保护区生产生活补助办法（试行）》要求，在系统探讨了松华坝水源保护区实施补助的重要性和必要性的基础上，分析了办法实行可能产生的效果，并针对性地提出实施建议。     

湖泊营养化程度评价的多目标决策-理想点模型

介绍多目标决策-理想点法,并将其改进运用于评价湖泊的营养化,该方法与属性识别理论方法,模糊隶属函数法进行比较,评价结果令人满意.     

典型北方高碱度微污染水体强化混凝的示范研究

以高碱度、受有机物污染的典型北方水体为例,探索适宜的强化混凝技术.在水质调查的基础上,提出适合水质特征的强化混凝目标.研究了高碱度水体强化混凝技术方法.研究表明,可以通过3条技术途径提高水体中有机物的去除效率.其一在混凝前优化pH,促进絮凝剂水解形成中聚体,AlCl3在pH 6左右,FeCl3在pH 5左右时,有机物去除率可以提高一倍左右;其二是强化沉淀软化;其三是絮凝剂优化.结合我国实际情况,通过对传统絮凝剂进行改性,研制出了适合我国北方水质特征的高效絮凝剂,能较传统絮凝剂将有机物去除率提高30%以上.     

城市污水厂污泥堆肥中试实验研究

城市污水厂污泥由于产生量大且成分复杂，如何对它进行稳定化、无害化处理已越来越受到人们的关注。本研究基于好氧发酵仓式堆肥系统，研究了城市污泥处理过程中温度、含水率、pH、有机质、水溶性有机碳、总氮和发芽指数等指标参数的变化规律。研究结果表明：当物抖初始含水率控制在65％左右时，在强制通风量112．5m^3／12hr，搅拌频率30min/24hr的工艺条件下，堆肥过程可以实现顺利升温并在55℃以上维持3天，满足杀灭致病茵要求的条件；14天反应用期结束时，物抖含水率、水溶性有机碳和有机质含量显著降低，堆肥产品腐熟，卫生学指标达到了美国EPA污泥产品A类标准；得列的污泥产品成为性质优良的土壤质量调节荆。