青海湖东北岸天然草地CO2 通量变化特征

采用涡度相关法对青海湖东北岸地区草甸化草原生态系统的CO₂ 通量进行了观测,结果表明： 在生长季节(5~9 月),就日变化,08:00~19:00 为CO₂ 净吸收,20:00~07:00 为CO₂ 净排放,CO₂ 通量 净吸收峰值一般出现在12:00 时,7 月份12:00 时CO₂ 净吸收峰值为1.41 g·(m2·h)^-1;就月变化,7 月 是生长季CO₂ 净吸收最高月份,月CO₂ 净吸收量达到162.70 g·m^-2,整个生长季CO₂ 净吸收的总量达 468.07 g·m^-2。非生长季节(1~4 月及10~12 月),CO₂ 通量日变化振幅极小,最大CO₂ 净排放通量出现 在3 月,为0.29 g·(m2·h)^-1,除12 月和1 月各时段CO₂ 通量接近于零,其余月份各时段CO₂ 净排放在 0.02~0.29 g·(m2·h)^-1;3 月是全年CO₂ 净排放的最高月份,全月CO₂ 净排放量为72.33 g·m^-2,整个非生 长季CO₂ 净排放为319.78 g·m^-2。结果表明,无放牧条件下青海湖东北岸地区草甸化草原,全年CO₂ 净吸收量达148.30 g·m^-2,是显著的CO₂ 汇。     

污染源在线监控系统第三方运营的探讨

环境监测是环境保护的重要基础和支撑,环境监测逐步从手工监测向自动监测过渡。为此必须建立污染物在线连续监控系统,而第三方运营是在线监控系统管理的最佳方式。     

乳状液膜分离法预处理垃圾渗滤液氨氮的试验研究

用span-80表面活性剂制作的乳状液处理垃圾渗滤液中氨氮,考察了表面活性剂span-80用量、膜内相硫酸浓度、膜增强剂用量、油内比、乳水比、外相水pH值因素对氨氮去除率的影响。结果表明,在最佳反应条件下,用乳状液膜分离法预处理垃圾渗滤液中的氨氮,分离速度快,处理效果达到87%以上。     

把握房地产开发建设项目竣工环保验收监测工作的重要环节

以南京市房地产开发项目环保验收监测中具体作法为实例,总结归纳了此类项目环境保护验收监测工作中现场勘察、产污环节、监测因子等重要环节的内容。     

Characterizing spatial distribution and sources of heavy metals in the soils from mining-smelting activities in Shuikoushan, Hunan Province, China

The spatial variation of heavy metals in the soils in Shuikoushan mining-smelting area, Hunan Province, China, was investigated using multivariate and geo-statistic analysis. A total of 106 composite soil samples were collected in an area of about 100 km2. Concentrations of total As, Cd, Pb, Zn, Cu and Cr were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Arsenic and Pb were found to have a common source, indicating the same sources and spreading processes, such as aerosols and airborne particulates from smelting chimneys. Airborne sources from smelting chimneys contributed greatly to Cd in the area, which demonstrated the same dispersion pattern as As and Pb. However, two hot spots of Cd around smelters were possibly enlarged by wastewaters, demonstrating another important source of Cd in Shuikouhsan. Geo-statistic interpolated mapping demonstrated that hotspots of Zn were only found proximal to the large smelters, suggesting that Zn primarily came from the chimneys of larger smelters. The major Cu hot-spots appeared closely to the tailing dam, indicating that weathering and leaching of tailings were the major sources of Cu contamination in Shuikoushan. Our findings indicated that airborne volatile particles and aerosols contributed the most to As, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu contamination, while Cd and Cu may also derive from the discharge of wastewater from smelters and the leaching of tailings, respectively.     

Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange over ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films

ITO/CdS/ZnO interface composite films were successfully prepared by subsequent electrodeposition of CdS and ZnO onto indium tin oxide (ITO) glass substrates. The obtained ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were characterized with X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and UV-Vis spectroscopy. The photocatalytic activity of ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films were investigated using methyl orange (MO) as a model organic compound under UV light irradiation. The influence of operating parameters on MO degradation including initial concentration of MO, pH value of solution, and inorganic anion species over the composite films were examined. A blue shift of absorption threshold was observed for the ITO/CdS/ZnO film in comparison with ITO/ZnO film. ITO/CdS/ZnO composite films prepared under specific conditions showed a higher photocatalytic activity than that of ITO/ZnO films. It was also found that the photocatalytic degradation of MO on the composite filing followed pseudo-first order kinetics.     

Degradation of o-chloronitrobenzene as the sole carbon and nitrogen sources by Pseudomonas putida OCNB-1

A bacterial strain that utilized o-chloronitrobenzene(o-CNB) as the sole carbon,nitrogen and energy sources was isolated from an activated sludge collected from an industrial waste treatment plant. It was identified as Pseudomonas putida based on its morphology,physiological,and biochemical characteristics with an automatic biometrical system and the 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Microcosm study showed that the biodegradation of o-CNB was optimized at culture medium pH 8.0 and 32°C. At these conditions,the st...     

小麦植株对重金属铅富集特征的研究

采用盆栽法,以小麦为受试作物,通过对其不同生长时期各器官重金属含量的测定,研究小麦植株对重金属铅(Pb)的富集特征.结果表明,总体上看,在Pb胁迫下,Pb主要富集在小麦根部,向地上部分迁移较少;Pb在小麦幼苗期的分布规律为根>叶片;拔节期为根>叶片>茎;抽穗期为根>茎(叶片)>颖壳;成熟期为根>茎>叶片>颖壳(籽实);小麦根部Pb含量分布规律为抽穗期>成熟期>拔节期>幼苗期(除质量分数为400mg/kg时);茎中为抽穗期>成熟期>拔节期;叶片中为在拔节期和抽穗期较大,幼苗期和成熟期相对较小,拔节期达最大值;颖壳中为成熟期>抽穗期.     

颗粒污泥接种UASB反应器处理废纸造纸废水的试验研究

采用颗粒污泥接种UASB厌氧反应器处理废纸造纸废水,对其可生化性及能降解程度进行研究。通过持续近2个月的运行实验可知：在进水CODCr质量浓度为2000—3000mg,L的情况下,COD容积负荷最高可达到20kg/（m3·d）左右,水力停留时间可缩短至4h,有机污染物的去除率稳定保持在80％-90％的范围内,并且运行稳定。     

CE-QUAL-W2模型应用探讨

通过二维纵向横向平均水动力学和水质模型(CE-QUAL-W2模型)对山仔水库进行水力学和水质的模拟,运用2006年4月至2006年5月的实际观测数据校正模型参数,并对山仔水库不同流量下的水质情况进行预测.模拟结果显示:温度分布在水库水体中存在空间和时间的异质性:水质重要组分如溶解氧,浮游生物量,总溶解固体,正磷酸盐,硝酸盐氮等的模拟值同观测值非常相近:调节水库的流量对改善水体水质情况有很大的作用.