建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管存在的问题及对策探讨

明确了建设用地土壤污染状况调查监管的对象,分析了我国现阶段调查监管存在的监管力量不足、从业门槛不明确、实时监管措施缺乏等问题.结合国内外调查工作监管经验和近年苏州工业园区调查监管的探索实践,提出了鼓励引导相关利益方参与调查监管、建立健全从业人员和机构监管制度、引入监理机制、推进信息化过程管理等对策建议.     

GIS设备内部检查机器人的模块化设计及实现

由于GIS设备内部存在缺陷或故障需要进行检查时,GIS罐体较长、管径细小,采用人工的方法无法有效查看内部状态并难以进入内部进行检修作业,因此本文研究了GIS设备内部检查机器人,采用模块化设计并实现了柔性机械臂功能、异物清扫功能及环境感知监测功能的模块化替换,可根据不同的作业场所选择对应的机器人功能模块进行内部工作。在实验室搭建了GIS设备罐体进行功能模块实验验证,实验结果表明：柔性机械臂模块旋转角、弯曲角满足GIS内部复杂环境作业要求,异物清扫模块能够完全清理GIS腔体底部的不同类型微小异物,环境监测感知模块可实现罐体内O2、H2S、SO2成分检测,确保机器人在110 kV及以上GIS设备内部发挥效用。     

拉萨市近49年气温变化特征研究

2019年6月24日拉萨市出现了30.8℃的高温,创历史新高.为了更好的了解拉萨市气候变暖的机理以及评估该区域未来气候的变化状况,本文基于拉萨市自动气象站近49年的观测数据,采用线性趋势法、Mann-Kendall (M-K)突变检验、小波分析、R/S分析等方法深入研究了多时间尺度上气温的时空演变特征.结果 显示:(a...     

北京郊区河流潜在危险生物因子赋存特征

危险生物因子（DBAs）是我国生物安全法防范和应对的主要对象,明确北京郊区河流中DBAs赋存特征对保障北京用水安全具有重要的参考意义. 从微生物学的角度,DBAs指可能对人类、动物、植物和环境等生物体造成重大危害的微生物、毒素和其他生物活性物质. 针对北京郊区河流（牤牛河、潮河和白河）,基于宏基因组学研究方法,从DBAs分子生物学组成出发,解析了核酸（抗生素抗性基因,ARGs）、核酸&蛋白（病毒）和完整细胞结构（致病菌）等DBAs的赋存特征. 结果表明,北京郊区河流水样和底质中存在高丰度的多重耐药ARGs,平均占比为74.11% ±6.82%,但主要ARGs亚型为低风险型,传播性较低,牤牛河上游ARGs丰度最高,半城子水库对上游ARGs丰度起到一定控制作用;郊区河流中原核生物病毒多为蓝病毒科（Kyanoviridae）和尾病毒科（Peduoviridae）,平均占比为16.98% ±8.44%和16.19% ±10.79%,真核生物病毒为拟菌病毒科（Mimiviriae）和藻类DNA病毒科（Phycodnaviridae）,平均占比为10.37% ±12.68%和8.34% ±6.97%,均为对水体中藻类和致病菌的控制具有贡献的病毒科,经过半城子水库后,病毒组分发生剧烈变化,蓝病毒科、拟菌病毒科和藻类DNA病毒科的丰度显著增加. 潮河、白河和牤牛河水体中的病毒群落存在显著差异;致病菌主要包括脑膜炎奈瑟菌（Neisseria meningitidis）、猪布鲁氏菌（Brucella suis）、肠道沙门氏菌（Salmonella enterica）和伯克霍尔德氏菌（Burkholderia pseudomalle）等,平均占比分别为19.17% ±3.63%、12.76% ±2.88%、11.22% ±1.95%和8.26% ±1.84%. 不同支流和位点中的致病菌组成和丰度存在显著差异,这可能受到水质、污染源、环境因素和人类活动的影响. 研究结果可为北京市郊区河流水安全管理和生物风险控制提供数据支撑.     

反渗透工艺处理回用循环水排污水技术工业应用

采用反渗透工艺处理火电厂循环冷却水排污水,作为循环水补充水和锅炉补给水,具有显著的经济效益和环境效益。     

Imazaquin degradation and metabolism in a sandy loam soil amended with farm litters

Irnazaquin applied in legume crops has a long residual time in soil, which often impacts safety of the susceptible crops. To increase safety of imazaquin application, two composted litters, bovine manure （BM） and chicken manure （CM）, were used to determine their effects on imazaquin environmental behavior by incorporating each kind of manure into the tested sandy loam soil at 10% （w/w）. The degradation of imazaquin in BM- and CM-amended soil was about 2.4 and 1.5 times, respectively, faster than that in unamended soil. The half-lives of imazaquin in BM-amended soil varied between 6.7 and 15.4 d over the temperature range of 20 to 40℃, and the degradation rate constant （k） increased by a factor of about 1.5 for every 10℃ change. Higher mix ratio did not significantly increase the degradation, and the optimal active degradation of imazaquin was observed approximately at the mix ratio of 10：1 of soil to BM. The different moisture levels had negligible effect on imazaquin degradation. In both unamended and BM-amended treatments, two metabolites were observed at 5, 10 and 30 d after treatment. One metabolite at retention time （RT） of 8.4 rain was identified as 2-（4- hydroxyl-5-oxo-2-imidazolin-2-yl） quinoline acid, originating from the loss of isopropyl group and hydroxylation at the 4-position of imidazolinone ring. The other at RT of 12.9 rain was identified as quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic anhydride, resulting from detachment of imidazolinone ring and the forming of dicarboxylic anhydride. This finding suggested that the addition of farm litters into soil might be a good management option since it can not only increase soil fertility but also contribute to increase safety of imazaquin application to the following susceptible crops.     

Transformations of particles, metal elements and natural organic matter in different water treatment processes

Characterizing natural organic matter （NOM）, particles and elements in different water treatment processes can give a useful information to optimize water treatment operations. In this article, transformations of particles, metal elements and NOM in a pilot-scale water treatment plant were investigated by laser light granularity system, particle counter, glass-fiber membrane filtration, inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy, ultra filtration and resin absorbents fractionation. The results showed that particles, NOM and trihalomethane formation precursors were removed synergistically by sequential treatment of different processes. Preozonation markedly changed the polarity and molecular weight of NOM, and it could be conducive to the following coagulation process through destabilizing particles and colloids; mid-ozonation enhanced the subsequent granular activated carbon （GAC） filtration process by decreasing molecular weight of organic matters. Coagulation-flotation and GAC were more efficient in removing fixed suspended solids and larger particles; while sand-filtration was more efficient in removing volatile suspended solids and smaller particles. Flotation performed better than sedimentation in terms of particle and NOM removal. The type of coagulant could greatly affect the performance of coagulation-flotation. Pre-hydrolyzed composite coagulant （HPAC） was superior to FeCl3 concerning the removals of hydrophobic dissolved organic carbon and volatile suspended solids. The leakages of flocs from sand-filtration and microorganisms from GAC should be mitigated to ensure the reliability of the whole treatment system.     

Immunotoxicity of bisphenol a to Carassius auratus Lymphocytes and macrophages following in vitro exposure

Bisphenol A （BPA） is the monomer component of polycarbonate plastics and classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical （EDC）. The reproductive toxicity of BPA has been extensively studied in mammals; however, relatively little information is available on the immunotoxic responses of fish to BPA. In this study, we investigated the effects of BPA on the immune functions of lymphocytes and macrophages in Carassius auratus. The effects of BPA were compared with those of two natural steroid hormones, estradiol and hydrocortisone. Proliferation of the two types of cells in response to PHA was measured using colorimetric MTT assay. Macrophage respiratory burst stimulated by Con A was measured using chemiluminescence assay. Results showed that BPA （0.054-5.4 mg/L）, estradiol （0.0002-2.0 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （5-50 mg/L） significantly induced Carassius auratus lymphocyte proliferation while higher doses of hydrocortisone （500-5000 mg/L） appeared to be inhibitory. BPA （0.005-50 mg/L）, estradiol （0.005-800 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （0.005-500 mg/L） markedly enhanced macrophage proliferation, whereas higher doses of BPA （500-1000 mg/L） appeared to inhibit cell proliferation. Furthermore, higher dosage of BPA （50 mg/L） and hydrocortisone （50 and 500 mg/L） suppressed the macrophages respiratory burst while estradiol is stimulative all the doses tested （0.05-500 mg/L）. In conclusion, BPA could have immunotoxicity to Carassius auratus and functional changes of lymphocyte and macrophage in Carassius auratus may be different between low and high dosages.     

湖泊型水源地管理研究——以苏州市太湖水源地为例

饮用水安全是最大的民生工程,也是自然资源管理研究的热点。基于实地调研、部门访谈和制度条文的梳理与分析,以苏州市太湖水源地为例研究湖泊型水源地管理体制。研究表明：我国水源地管理由国家、省、市、县的法律法规、规章和规范性文件构成相对完善的制度体系,具有水资源和水环境分割管理、流域管理和行政区管理交错的制度特征,初步具备了综合管理的架构;水源保护缺乏流域管治的思维,农村面源污染治理制度支撑不足;在管理手段上以命令控制型手段为主,经济激励与公众参与不足。建立水源地综合管理协调机制,完善经济激励手段,推进公众参与,实施水源地管理共同责任机制将有利于提高水源地管理效率     

中国企业社会责任财务绩效评价模型研究

2003年,英国政府出台了<我们能源的未来-创建低碳经济>能源白皮书,其中首次引入了"低碳经济"的概念,随后越来越多的学者开始探讨这种经济发展模式及其技术和政策的可行性,并展开了一系列实证研究.而在这种新的经济发展趋势下,作为经济主体的企业所要承担的社会责任也就被赋予了新的内窖.那么在向低碳经济转型的过程中,如何对企业的社会责任进行客观、有效的评价将对于企业更好履行其社会责任起到重要作用.基于我国国情,本文通过对低碳经济发展模式下中国企业社会责任财务绩效进行模型研究,提出了在传统指标分析模型基础上进行数据包络分析(DEA)和可持续计量的双重模型修正,以期弥补传统财务绩效模型在企业有效投入分析和动态性评价方面的缺陷和不足.