腐殖酸-海泡石复合钝化剂的制备及其对Cd污染土壤的修复

对海泡石进行热改性,以腐殖酸和海泡石为原料,制备了腐殖酸-海泡石复合钝化剂。采用BCR形态分析法研究了复合钝化剂对镉污染土壤的钝化效果。结果表明,制备复合钝化剂的最佳工艺条件为：腐殖酸与海泡石质量比2∶1,氢氧化钠质量浓度0.04 g/mL,热反应时间40 min,热反应温度80 ℃。复合钝化剂的最佳添加量为7%（w）,培养3 d后,钝化效率达46.87%,土壤pH升高至7.02,活稳比降低为0.65,土壤中镉的释放风险显著降低。复合钝化剂修复镉污染土壤时,会促使活性态镉向稳定态镉转化,使镉在土壤中的稳定性提高。     

UV/Fe3+/H2O2体系降解活性艳橙X-GN废水的研究

采用UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系光解活性艳橙X-GN模拟废水,考察了X-GN,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度、初始pH值及温度对光解的影响,探讨了X-GN的降解途径和机理.结果表明,在8W低压汞灯(λ＝254nm)照射下,UV/Fe3 /H2O2能够有效地降解X-GN,在pH=3.0,T=50 ℃,时间为120 min,Fe3 和H2O2的初始浓度分别为2.5×10-5 mol·l-1和1.5×10-4 mol·l-1时,对含200 mg·l-1 X-GN模拟废水的色度去除率和矿化率分别达到100%和90.15%.用IC和GC/MS对X-GN降解的中间产物和最终产物进行分析,推导出UV/Fe3 /H2O2体系中X-GN降解的途径和机理.     

节约土地资源的沉沙淤泥新型墙体材料的研制

引黄济青工程创造了惊人的经济效益和社会效益,但大量的黄河淤泥沉积,却危害了当地生态环境,造成土地资源浪费.通过分析黄河淤泥的化学成分、颗粒组成、塑性指数,对沉淀池堆场的淤泥和黄河河床的淤泥进行比较和筛选,最后进行了成型和煅烧,试验结果表明:2号堆场的黄河淤泥完全可以替代粘土作原料生产新型墙体材料,其技术指标完全符合国家产品质量要求,每年可节约土地约13.3公顷.     

稳定化技术在铅砷复合污染土壤修复中的应用

以铅砷复合污染土壤为研究对象,采用硫酸亚铁和氧化钙作为稳定剂,通过正交实验得出各因素对土壤中铅的稳定率影响程度的大小顺序为:氧化钙添加量>硫酸亚铁添加量=养护周期>两种稳定剂的交互作用.最佳实验条件为硫酸亚铁添加量2 g/kg,氧化钙添加量10 g/kg,养护时间2 d.添加硫酸亚铁后,土壤pH对砷的稳定化效果影响不大...     

秦岭生态补偿理论研究与实践进展

生态补偿是通过经济手段促进生态保护与受益地区利益共享的制度设计,是促进我国生态文明建设的重要举措。秦岭是我国重点生态功能区,国家重要的生态安全屏障。生态补偿作为协调秦岭地区生态环境保护和社会经济发展的制度安排,有助于推动该区生态环境的保护与可持续利用,对实现秦岭地区社会经济可持续发展、促进人与自然和谐共生具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了秦岭生态补偿相关理论研究与实践,主要包括秦岭在区域调水、森林生态效益、生物多样性保护、矿产资源开发等方面的生态补偿研究,以及秦岭生态补偿相关政策法规制定、南水北调、退耕还林（草）以及生态移民搬迁等具体生态保护工程补偿实践,并从补偿对象、补偿标准、公众参与、补偿方式几个角度探讨了秦岭生态补偿存在的问题,提出了秦岭生态补偿研究的建议与对策。     

钦州湾近20 a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅳ有机污染物(COD)的含量变化及其补充、消减途径

通过对钦州湾20 a(1983~2003年)来10个航次COD的分析研究,结果发现:该湾COD具有开发初期明显偏低、中期明显偏高、后期略有下降的变化特征;在季节变化上以春夏季高、秋季适中、冬季较低为特点;但在区域分布上却随着季节变化差异较大。这种分布特征的形成,与该湾COD的补充与消减途径随季节变化较大有关,该湾的水体自净条件在其中起重要作用。     

Adsorption removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by calcined hydrotalcite

A hydrotalcite with Mg/AI molar ratio 2 was prepared by co-precipitation method and was characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, Zeta potential and BET surface area. The hydrotalcite was calcined at 500℃, with the dehydration from interlayer, the dehydroxilation from the brucite-like layer and the decomposition of carbonate successively, transformed into the mixed oxide type. The removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by using the original hydrotalcite and calcined hydrotalcite （HTC-500） was investigated. The results showed that the thiocyanate adsorption capacity of calcined hydrotalcite was much higher than that of the original form. Calcined hydrotalcite was particularly effective at removing thiocyanate, and that the effective range of pH for the thiocyanate removal are between 5.5-10.0. The experimental data of thiocyanate removal fit nicely with Langmuir isotherm, and the saturated adsorption uptake was 96.2 mg SCN-/g HTC-500. The adsorption of thiocyanate by calcined hydrotalcite follows first-order kinetics. And the intercalation to the structure recovery for calcined hydrotalcite. But the presence of additional anions could affect the adsorption behavior of thiocyanate.     

Supercritical gasification for the treatment of o-cresol wastewater

The supercritical water gasification of phenolic wastewater without oxidant was performed to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen-enriched gases. The simulated o-cresol wastewater was gasified at 440-650℃ and 27.6 MPa in a continuous Inconel 625 reactor with the residence time of 0.42-1.25 min. The influence of the reaction temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst, oxidant and the pollutant concentration on the gasification efficiency was investigated. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced the o-cresol gasification. The TOC removal rate and hydrogen gasification rate were 90.6% and 194.6%, respectively, at the temperature of 650℃ and the residence time of 0.83 min. The product gas was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CFL and CO, among which the total molar percentage of H2 and CFL was higher than 50%. The gasification efficiency decreased with the pollutant concentration increasing. Both the catalyst and oxidant could accelerate the hydrocarbon gasification at a lower reaction temperature, in which the catalyst promoted H2 production and the oxidant enhanced CO2 generation. The intermediates of liquid effluents were analyzed and phenol was found to be the main composition. The results indicate that the supercritical gasification is a promising way for the treatment of hazardous organic wastewater.     

岷江汤坝航电枢纽工程对水环境的影响研究

为研究长江上游岷江航电的开发对水环境带来的影响,选取岷江航电梯级水库中的第二级汤坝航电枢纽工程为研究对象.利用2016年的监测数据,分析了现状年库区渠化河段来流负荷,通过构造MIKE21水动力水质数学模型,对汤坝建成前、汤坝建成后和Ⅲ类来水情况下渠化河段的水质变化进行了数值模拟,分析了支流汇入后的污染带变化,并计算了3种情景下的水环境容量.结果 表明,现状年库区渠化河段来流污染源负荷主要来源于岷江干流.汤坝建成后,坝前CODcr和NH3-N浓度均满足Ⅲ类水质标准,TP浓度属劣Ⅴ类;在Ⅲ类来水情况下,坝前CODcr、NH3-N浓度满足Ⅲ类水质标准,TP浓度属Ⅴ类.支流汇入渠化河段形成的污染带面积较天然状态下发生变化:除镇江河和筒车河NH3-N不形成污染带以及太和河NH3-N的污染带面积减小外,其余支流水质因子污染带面积均较建设前增加.汤坝建成后,坝址处CODcr的水环境容量减少3280 t/a,NH3-N水环境容减少368t/a,TP无剩余水环境容量;Ⅲ类来水情况下,CODcr和NH3-N的水环境相比建设前减少,TP无剩余水环境容量.筒车河三类水质因子水环境容量增加,而镇江河水环境容量减小,建坝前后太和河均无剩余水环境容量.研究可为岷江航电污染源削减及应对措施的指定提供科学依据.     

基于数据融合的长江经济带城市建成区时空格局研究

在"共抓大保护,不搞大开发"导向下,准确识别长江经济带城市建成区,并揭示其演化规律对于优化流域国土空间格局具有重要意义.基于Landsat数据和夜间灯光数据,构建融合算法提取长江经济带城市建成区,并采用位序-规模、核密度、空间自相关等方法探索了其时空格局特征.结果表明:(1)长江经济带城市规模存在明显的位序-规模分布格局,分形特征显著;(2)建成区规模呈现"东高西低"、"轴线高两端低",建成区密度呈"一个中心,两个次中心"的格局特征;(3)城市由点源聚集增长向轴线式扩张转变,国土空间"T"型增长格局逐渐显现;(4)建成区增长表现出空间集聚特征,区域内三大城市群为主要热点区.研究结果能够为流域国土空间"保护"与"开发"权衡提供定量参考和决策依据.