稳定化技术在铅砷复合污染土壤修复中的应用

以铅砷复合污染土壤为研究对象,采用硫酸亚铁和氧化钙作为稳定剂,通过正交实验得出各因素对土壤中铅的稳定率影响程度的大小顺序为:氧化钙添加量>硫酸亚铁添加量=养护周期>两种稳定剂的交互作用.最佳实验条件为硫酸亚铁添加量2 g/kg,氧化钙添加量10 g/kg,养护时间2 d.添加硫酸亚铁后,土壤pH对砷的稳定化效果影响不大...     

秦岭生态补偿理论研究与实践进展

生态补偿是通过经济手段促进生态保护与受益地区利益共享的制度设计,是促进我国生态文明建设的重要举措。秦岭是我国重点生态功能区,国家重要的生态安全屏障。生态补偿作为协调秦岭地区生态环境保护和社会经济发展的制度安排,有助于推动该区生态环境的保护与可持续利用,对实现秦岭地区社会经济可持续发展、促进人与自然和谐共生具有重要意义。本文系统梳理了秦岭生态补偿相关理论研究与实践,主要包括秦岭在区域调水、森林生态效益、生物多样性保护、矿产资源开发等方面的生态补偿研究,以及秦岭生态补偿相关政策法规制定、南水北调、退耕还林（草）以及生态移民搬迁等具体生态保护工程补偿实践,并从补偿对象、补偿标准、公众参与、补偿方式几个角度探讨了秦岭生态补偿存在的问题,提出了秦岭生态补偿研究的建议与对策。     

钦州湾近20 a来水环境指标的变化趋势Ⅳ有机污染物(COD)的含量变化及其补充、消减途径

通过对钦州湾20 a(1983~2003年)来10个航次COD的分析研究,结果发现:该湾COD具有开发初期明显偏低、中期明显偏高、后期略有下降的变化特征;在季节变化上以春夏季高、秋季适中、冬季较低为特点;但在区域分布上却随着季节变化差异较大。这种分布特征的形成,与该湾COD的补充与消减途径随季节变化较大有关,该湾的水体自净条件在其中起重要作用。     

Adsorption removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by calcined hydrotalcite

A hydrotalcite with Mg/AI molar ratio 2 was prepared by co-precipitation method and was characterized by XRD, TG/DTA, Zeta potential and BET surface area. The hydrotalcite was calcined at 500℃, with the dehydration from interlayer, the dehydroxilation from the brucite-like layer and the decomposition of carbonate successively, transformed into the mixed oxide type. The removal of thiocyanate from aqueous solution by using the original hydrotalcite and calcined hydrotalcite （HTC-500） was investigated. The results showed that the thiocyanate adsorption capacity of calcined hydrotalcite was much higher than that of the original form. Calcined hydrotalcite was particularly effective at removing thiocyanate, and that the effective range of pH for the thiocyanate removal are between 5.5-10.0. The experimental data of thiocyanate removal fit nicely with Langmuir isotherm, and the saturated adsorption uptake was 96.2 mg SCN-/g HTC-500. The adsorption of thiocyanate by calcined hydrotalcite follows first-order kinetics. And the intercalation to the structure recovery for calcined hydrotalcite. But the presence of additional anions could affect the adsorption behavior of thiocyanate.     

Supercritical gasification for the treatment of o-cresol wastewater

The supercritical water gasification of phenolic wastewater without oxidant was performed to degrade pollutants and produce hydrogen-enriched gases. The simulated o-cresol wastewater was gasified at 440-650℃ and 27.6 MPa in a continuous Inconel 625 reactor with the residence time of 0.42-1.25 min. The influence of the reaction temperature, residence time, pressure, catalyst, oxidant and the pollutant concentration on the gasification efficiency was investigated. Higher temperature and longer residence time enhanced the o-cresol gasification. The TOC removal rate and hydrogen gasification rate were 90.6% and 194.6%, respectively, at the temperature of 650℃ and the residence time of 0.83 min. The product gas was mainly composed of H2, CO2, CFL and CO, among which the total molar percentage of H2 and CFL was higher than 50%. The gasification efficiency decreased with the pollutant concentration increasing. Both the catalyst and oxidant could accelerate the hydrocarbon gasification at a lower reaction temperature, in which the catalyst promoted H2 production and the oxidant enhanced CO2 generation. The intermediates of liquid effluents were analyzed and phenol was found to be the main composition. The results indicate that the supercritical gasification is a promising way for the treatment of hazardous organic wastewater.     

岷江汤坝航电枢纽工程对水环境的影响研究

为研究长江上游岷江航电的开发对水环境带来的影响,选取岷江航电梯级水库中的第二级汤坝航电枢纽工程为研究对象.利用2016年的监测数据,分析了现状年库区渠化河段来流负荷,通过构造MIKE21水动力水质数学模型,对汤坝建成前、汤坝建成后和Ⅲ类来水情况下渠化河段的水质变化进行了数值模拟,分析了支流汇入后的污染带变化,并计算了3种情景下的水环境容量.结果 表明,现状年库区渠化河段来流污染源负荷主要来源于岷江干流.汤坝建成后,坝前CODcr和NH3-N浓度均满足Ⅲ类水质标准,TP浓度属劣Ⅴ类;在Ⅲ类来水情况下,坝前CODcr、NH3-N浓度满足Ⅲ类水质标准,TP浓度属Ⅴ类.支流汇入渠化河段形成的污染带面积较天然状态下发生变化:除镇江河和筒车河NH3-N不形成污染带以及太和河NH3-N的污染带面积减小外,其余支流水质因子污染带面积均较建设前增加.汤坝建成后,坝址处CODcr的水环境容量减少3280 t/a,NH3-N水环境容减少368t/a,TP无剩余水环境容量;Ⅲ类来水情况下,CODcr和NH3-N的水环境相比建设前减少,TP无剩余水环境容量.筒车河三类水质因子水环境容量增加,而镇江河水环境容量减小,建坝前后太和河均无剩余水环境容量.研究可为岷江航电污染源削减及应对措施的指定提供科学依据.     

基于数据融合的长江经济带城市建成区时空格局研究

在"共抓大保护,不搞大开发"导向下,准确识别长江经济带城市建成区,并揭示其演化规律对于优化流域国土空间格局具有重要意义.基于Landsat数据和夜间灯光数据,构建融合算法提取长江经济带城市建成区,并采用位序-规模、核密度、空间自相关等方法探索了其时空格局特征.结果表明:(1)长江经济带城市规模存在明显的位序-规模分布格局,分形特征显著;(2)建成区规模呈现"东高西低"、"轴线高两端低",建成区密度呈"一个中心,两个次中心"的格局特征;(3)城市由点源聚集增长向轴线式扩张转变,国土空间"T"型增长格局逐渐显现;(4)建成区增长表现出空间集聚特征,区域内三大城市群为主要热点区.研究结果能够为流域国土空间"保护"与"开发"权衡提供定量参考和决策依据.     

煤岩电磁辐射信号时间序列混沌特性分析

采用华丰矿1409工作面电磁辐射观测数据,应用相空间重构法计算了5次矿震前后系统混沌吸引子的关联维数D2。研究结果表明:电磁辐射时间序列具有混沌特征,混沌系统的自由度在2~26之间。矿震发生前,混沌吸引子的关联维数D2先升后降,矿震过程中系统有降维现象。研究结果对认识矿震过程中煤岩体产生的电磁辐射信号的非线性特征和进行矿震预报具有一定的参考价值。     

我国典型钢铁工业城市夏季臭氧污染来源解析研究

邯郸与其周边城市相比,臭氧(O3)污染最为严重.基于观测数据分析夏季邯郸O3浓度的时空特征,结果显示:观测期间邯郸O3超标天数比率为86.7％,各区县O3浓度分布存在差异,高温、低湿和偏南贴地气团传输是此次O3连续污染的主要成因.继而,以CAMx-OSAT模型模拟方法进行O3来源解析,溯源分析显示:邯郸O3污染具有明显...     

翅碱蓬对盐碱湿地重金属污染消减作用

为探究翅碱蓬对盐碱湿地重金属污染的消减作用和生态修复能力,采用现场监测与高盐水培试验相结合的方法,测定不同浓度Zn2+、Cu2+和Pb2+混合污染下,翅碱蓬对重金属的吸收消减作用.结果表明,在高盐环境下,翅碱蓬对重金属锌、铜和铅均具有消减作用,生物富集系数BCFSh-Zn＞BCFSh-Cu＞BCFSh-Pb.当重金属离...