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微生物利用食品废物合成聚羟基烷酸酯 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
为了降低聚羟基烷酸酯(PHAs)的生产成本,以麦芽、豆类、糖果、冰激凌、牛奶、芝麻油和食醋废物为底物,研究了产碱弧菌(Alcaligenes latus)、表皮匍萄球菌(Staphylococcus epidermidis)和活性污泥合成PHAs的工艺可行性和产物的物化性质.结果表明,通过两段式间歇补料发酵.3类微生物利用麦芽废物合成的聚羟基丁酸酯(PHB)产量最大,分别达细胞内含量的70.1%、16.0%和43.3%.A.latus适应食品废物开始细胞生长和PHAs合成的延迟短,在缺氮阶段合成PHB的产量、产率高.微好氧时,从芝麻油提取出的S.epidermidis可以合成分子量超过1×106的PHB.活性污泥可利用豆类废物合成聚羟基丁酸-羟基戊酸酯(PHBV)共聚物,其中羟基戊酸比例(HV%)占21%.多数食品废物适合合成具有不同物化性质的PHAs.PHAs产物的组分及物化性质受微生物种类、底物类型、发酵条件的影响. 相似文献
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IntroductionInrecentyears,petroleumindustryhasdevelopedrapidlyinChinaandproducedagreatdealwastewaterandpetroleumwastes ,whichcontaminatednaturalenvironmentseverely .Itisimperativetoseekanewandcost effectivetechnologyforpetroleumwastetreatment.Amongallth… 相似文献
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文章采用悬浮TiO2-铂电极体系,以悬浮TiO2作为光催化剂,在两片铂电极间施加一定的电压,研究了染料Procion Red MX-5B在NaCl和Na2SO4电解质溶液中的光电催化降解。光电催化的效率与NaCl溶液的浓度和外加电压密切相关,在0.3mol/L的NaCl溶液中,外加电压8V的条件下,10min内染料的脱色率达到95%,而同时间内光催化脱色率只能达到35%。当外加电压超过5V时,电降解几乎与光电催化具有相同的染料脱色率,然而电降解并不能使染料降解的中间物矿化。光电催化能够在反应的最初一个小时去除溶液中80%的TOC,相同时间内光催化能够去除50%。光电催化与光催化都不能完全矿化所处理的染料,原因在于溶液中生成了非常稳定的降解产物。在Na2SO4溶液中,外加电压只能轻微的提高染料的脱色率,但却不能促进中间产物的分解。 相似文献
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模拟试验初探秋茄湿地系统中锌的分配与土壤容量 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
对温室中建立的含底泥、潮汐海水和1a生秋茄苗的模拟湿地系统,分别用人工海水(CK)和不同Zn浓度的人工污水定时、定量进行持续1a的污灌,以研究Zn在模拟系统中各部分的分配和系统对Zn的承受能力.结果表明:加入系统的3种ρ(Zn)处理污水中的Zn主要存留在土壤中(45.80%~89.45%),植物和凋落物中的Zn共占加入量0.22%~1.48%.根据物质平衡模型计算得的系统使用寿命t至少为24a. 相似文献
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Zhang Cheng Kun-Ci Chen Kai-Bin Li Xiang-Ping Nie Sheng Chun Wu Chris Kong-Chu Wong Ming-Hung Wong 《Environmental science and pollution research international》2013,20(7):4484-4495
This study investigated the extent of arsenic (As) contamination in five common species of freshwater fish (northern snakehead [Channa argus], mandrarin fish [Siniperca chuatsi], largemouth bass [Lepomis macrochirous], bighead carp [Aristichthys nobilis] and grass carp [Ctenopharyngodon idellus]) and their associated fish pond sediments collected from 18 freshwater fish ponds around the Pearl River Delta (PRD). The total As concentrations detected in fish muscle and sediment in freshwater ponds around the PRD were 0.05–3.01 mg?kg?1 wet weight (w. wt) and 8.41–22.76 mg?kg?1 dry weight (d. wt), respectively. In addition, the As content was positively correlated (p?<?0.05) to total organic carbon (TOC) contents in sediments. Biota sediment accumulation factor (BSAF) showed that omnivorous fish and zooplankton accumulated higher concentrations of heavy metals from the sediment than carnivorous fish. In addition, feeding habits of fish also influence As accumulation in different fish species. In this study, two typical food chains of the aquaculture ponds were selected for investigation: (1) omnivorous food chain (zooplankton, grass carp and bighead carp) and (2) predatory food chain (zooplankton, mud carp and mandarin fish). Significant linear relationships were obtained between log As and δ 15N. The slope of the regression (?0.066 and ?0.078) of the log transformed As concentrations and δ 15N values, as biomagnifications power, indicated there was no magnification or diminution of As from lower trophic levels (zooplankton) to fish in the aquaculture ponds. Consumption of largemouth bass, northern snakehead and bighead carp might impose health risks of Hong Kong residents consuming these fish to the local population, due to the fact that its cancer risk (CR) value exceeded the upper limit of the acceptable risk levels (10?4) stipulated by the USEPA. 相似文献
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Ming-Hung Cheng John R.-C. Hsu Chen-Yuan Chen Cheng-Wu Chen 《Environmental Fluid Mechanics》2009,9(3):321-340
Evolution of the internal solitary waves (ISWs) in the northern South China Sea (SCS) has recently attracted the attention
of many oceanographers in Taiwan and the United States. These ISWs are believed to have been induced by a branch of the Kuroshio
current over Luzon Strait, which propagates westward over two ridges in the Luzon Strait between Taiwan and the Philippines,
and further onto the continental margin with a shelf-slope in the SCS. This paper presents some preliminary results for the
evolution of a depression ISW across two triangular obstacles using numerical modelling and laboratory experiments. The experimental
results confirm that the intervals and relative height between the two obstacles are important factors in the interaction
of an ISW with the obstacles. However, in the case of the movement of an ISW of depression-type across the Luzon Strait, the
effect of the two ridges on the characteristics of the ISW might be less significant than that from the shelf-slope, due to
the variations in relative water depth. Results from numerical experiments also show that the amplitude of an ISW can be augmented
once the wave commences its contact with a shelf-slope, where an internal hydraulic jump and wave breaking with vortex motion
are evident in the laboratory experiments. Eventually, an ISW of depression-type could become an elevation-type at the edge
of the continental shelf landwards beyond the turning point, where the upper layer is larger than the bottom layer in a stratified
water column. 相似文献
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Characteristics of cadmium (Cd) uptake kinetics and distribution of Cd speciation in the rhizosphere for Cd accumulator and non-accumulator oilseed rape varieties were investigated under nutrient solution and rhizobox soil culture conditions. The results showed that the maximal influx (Vmax) for Cd2+ andKm were significantly different for the two oilseed rape varieties. The value of Vmax for Cd accumulator oilseed rape Zhucang Huazi was two-fold greater than that for oilseed rape Chuan you II-93. The exchangeable Cd concentration in the rhizosphere was significantly lower than in non-rhizospheric soils supplemented with CdSO4 for both the varieties. Carbonate-bound Cd in the rhizosphere of Cd accumulator oilseed rape was significantly higher than that in the rhizosphere of non-accumulator oilseed rape and non-rhizospheric soil. Cd accumulator oilseed rape had a higher Cd2+ affinity and more ability to uptake insoluble Cd in the soil than the non-accumulator oilseed rape. 相似文献