新农药环境化学行为研究(V)-—三氟羧草醚(Acifluorfen)在土壤和水环境中的滞留、转化

从如下几方面研究了三氟羧草醚在土壤－水环境中的化学行为：一是土壤对该药的吸附，结果表明，吸附强度与土壤理化特性密切相关，Ｆｒｅｕｎｄｌｉｃｈ常数ｋｆ＝０．９４Ｗｏｍ＋０．６５Ｗｃｌａｙ－９．５９ｐＨ（ｒ＾２＝０．９４）；二是吸附机理研究，发现三氟羧草醚能与碱金属以外的许多金属离子形成配合物，并证实了与ＣＵ＾２＋形成的双核桥联合物的可能性；三是实验指出它在水中避光有一定的稳定性，不易水解；四是它在〈     

我国城市污泥中醚类和卤代烃类有机污染物的初步研究

应用GC／MS联机检测技术对我国大陆和香港共11个城市污泥中4种醚类和4种卤代烃类化合物进行分析。结果表明，醚类化合物的总含量在0－7．743mg/kg之间，以双（2－氯异丙基）醚为主，主要分布在兰州污泥和广州污泥中；卤代烃类化合物的总含量在0．007－3．237mg/kg之间，以六氯环戊二烯为主，主要分布在兰州污泥、佛山污泥和沙田（香港）污泥中。污泥中醚类和卤代烃类化合物的种类及其含量与污水来源、污水处理方式、污泥类型、化合物的结构和理化性质等因素有关。     

Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto bentonites modified with AlCl3 and CTMAB

The purpose of this work is to synthesize a new type of bentonite sorbent that can simultaneously remove both organic compounds and phosphate from water. Inorganic-organic bentonites (Al-CTMAB-Bent) were synthesized by modifying bentonites with both AlCl₃ and cetyltrimethyl ammonium bromide (CTMAB). Simultaneous sorption of aqueous phenanthrene and phosphate onto Al-CTMAB-Bent was examined. Removal rates of phenanthrene and phosphate from water reached 96.3% and 90.2%, respectively, at their respective initial concentrations of 1 mg/L and 5 mg/L and the added amount of Al-CTMAB-Bent was 1.25 g/L. The residual turbidity of the Al-CTMAB-Bent suspension decreased 81.4% compared to that of organobentonite suspension after a 1 h settling time. Thus, inorganic-organic bentonite can be used to treat wastewater containing both organic pollutants and phosphate. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1): 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

Pollution survey of carbonyl compounds in train air

The train is an important vehicle in China, but its air quality has important impacts on passengers’ health. In this work, pollution from carbonyl compounds was measured in the air of six trains. The objectives of this work were to investigate carbonyl compound levels in selected air from trains, identify their emission sources, and assess the intake of carbonyl compounds for passengers. The methods for sampling and analyzing 10 carbonyl compounds such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, acrolein, acetone, propionaldehyde, crotonaldehyde, butyraldehyde, benzaldehyde, cyclohexanone, and valeraldehyde in indoor air were proposed with the sampling efficiency, recovery, and detection limit being 92%–100%, 91%–104%, and 0.26–0.82 ng/m³, respectively. It was indicated that the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds were 0.159–0.2828 mg/m³ with the average concentration of 0.2330 mg/m³. The average concentrations of form aldehyde, acetaldehyde and acetone were 0.0922, 0.0499, and 0.0580 mg/m³, accounting for 42.6%, 21.4%, and 24.9% of the total concentrations of carbonyl compounds, respectively. The carbonyl compounds probably came from woodwork and cigarette smoking. The intake of carbonyl compounds for the passengers was approximately 0.043–0.076 mg/h. The carbonyl compounds in train air could be harmful to human health. Translated from Environmental Science, 2006, 27(1) 91–94 [译自: 环境科学]     

包埋法固定化细胞技术及其在水处理中的应用研究

固定化细胞技术(主要为包埋技术),由于方法简单、条件温和、较高的稳定性及细胞容量,在废水处理中应用广泛.本文主要介绍了近年来固定化细胞技术在污水深度处理中的应用研究现状和发展前景,并对固定化细胞技术在污水深度处理过程中的影响因素进行简要论述.     

典型北方高碱度微污染水体强化混凝的示范研究

以高碱度、受有机物污染的典型北方水体为例,探索适宜的强化混凝技术.在水质调查的基础上,提出适合水质特征的强化混凝目标.研究了高碱度水体强化混凝技术方法.研究表明,可以通过3条技术途径提高水体中有机物的去除效率.其一在混凝前优化pH,促进絮凝剂水解形成中聚体,AlCl3在pH 6左右,FeCl3在pH 5左右时,有机物去除率可以提高一倍左右;其二是强化沉淀软化;其三是絮凝剂优化.结合我国实际情况,通过对传统絮凝剂进行改性,研制出了适合我国北方水质特征的高效絮凝剂,能较传统絮凝剂将有机物去除率提高30%以上.     

Population growth, management and environmental degradation in China

Environmental problems in China can be divided into two large classes: pollution and destruction of natural environment. Environmental degradation is particularly serious in areas with rapid population growth. In this paper, some of China's major environmental problems, particularly those concerned with land, forests, and continental waters are introduced in order to see how population growth and management have affected these resources over the past few decades. It is also explained how the Chinese plan to cope and eventually solve these problems.     

几种海洋微藻对水中三丁基锡化合物的迁移和转化作用

实验表明，在半抑制效应浓度下纤弱角毛藻，扁藻，三角褐指藻对三丁基锡均有瞬时强吸附作用，其后，微藻对三丁基锡的吸收可单室生物积累模型描述，根据模型曲线拟合求出其总吸收饱和浓度和生物排出速常数，微藻对三丁基锡的生物富集因子高达１０＾４－１０＾５，主要取决于高比表面，高分配比和高摄取速率，７２ｈ纤弱角毛藻对三丁基锡的生物降解率在５％左右。     

复合氧化物汽车尾气净化催化剂抗SO2中毒机理研究

复合氧化物催化剂(ASC)具有较高的活性和良好的抗SO_2中毒性能.用IR、XPS、TPD等技术研究了该催化剂抗SO_2中毒机理,结果表明,与易失活催化剂相比,ASC经500h反应(反应气含SO_2约20ppm),其活性组分价态无显著变化,仅表面发生SO_2的化学吸附,经与约500ppm的SO_2作用20h后,发现仅有少量SO_4~(2-)形成.这是由于在ASC催化剂中添加了特殊助剂,而使催化剂活性组分得到保护的缘故.     

多环芳烃的分配系数与双区理论

以双区理论为基础,提出了多环芳烃的致癌性与其分配系数之间的定量关系方程,并利用该方程计算了77个多环芳烃的致癌性。计算值与实验值基本符合。