全文获取类型
收费全文 | 867篇 |
免费 | 3篇 |
国内免费 | 3篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 16篇 |
废物处理 | 16篇 |
环保管理 | 133篇 |
综合类 | 280篇 |
基础理论 | 149篇 |
污染及防治 | 200篇 |
评价与监测 | 47篇 |
社会与环境 | 25篇 |
灾害及防治 | 7篇 |
出版年
2020年 | 7篇 |
2018年 | 16篇 |
2017年 | 10篇 |
2016年 | 16篇 |
2015年 | 13篇 |
2014年 | 20篇 |
2013年 | 68篇 |
2012年 | 23篇 |
2011年 | 31篇 |
2010年 | 23篇 |
2009年 | 22篇 |
2008年 | 33篇 |
2007年 | 35篇 |
2006年 | 19篇 |
2005年 | 21篇 |
2004年 | 35篇 |
2003年 | 19篇 |
2002年 | 24篇 |
2001年 | 12篇 |
2000年 | 13篇 |
1999年 | 18篇 |
1998年 | 8篇 |
1997年 | 12篇 |
1996年 | 17篇 |
1995年 | 12篇 |
1994年 | 25篇 |
1993年 | 7篇 |
1991年 | 7篇 |
1990年 | 8篇 |
1983年 | 6篇 |
1982年 | 6篇 |
1981年 | 8篇 |
1980年 | 9篇 |
1979年 | 7篇 |
1978年 | 7篇 |
1977年 | 7篇 |
1968年 | 6篇 |
1965年 | 6篇 |
1964年 | 9篇 |
1963年 | 6篇 |
1962年 | 6篇 |
1961年 | 6篇 |
1960年 | 8篇 |
1959年 | 11篇 |
1957年 | 7篇 |
1956年 | 11篇 |
1954年 | 9篇 |
1939年 | 6篇 |
1925年 | 7篇 |
1924年 | 6篇 |
排序方式: 共有873条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
141.
142.
Sarah J. Cowell Walter Wehrmeyer Peter W. Argust J. Graham S. Robertson 《Resources Policy》1999,25(4):421
This paper reflects on how sustainability is being interpreted both theoretically and in practice for the primary extraction industries. Two contrasting perspectives can be adopted: one states that continued extraction of non-renewable resources is a necessary part of sustainable development, whilst the other states that extraction of these resources must be greatly reduced or even eliminated. It is shown that these different approaches can be traced back to underlying, often unarticulated, assumptions about the acceptability of trade-offs between different societal goals; attitudes towards uncertainties in scientific analysis and the reliability of management systems; and the perceived appropriateness of system boundaries at different conceptual scales. These assumptions are founded in the self-perception of organisations and individuals about their roles in society, and the cultural context within which these organisations and individuals define their raison d'être. 相似文献
143.
Gary L. Ketcheson Walter F. Megahan John G. King 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1999,35(1):83-98
ABSTRACT: Erosion and sedimentation data from research watersheds in the Silver Creek Study Area in central Idaho were used to test the prediction of logging road erosion using the R1-R4 sediment yield model, and sediment delivery using the “BOISED” sediment yield prediction model. Three small watersheds were instrumented and monitored such that erosion from newly constructed roads and sediment delivery to the mouths of the watersheds could be measured for four years following road construction. The errors for annual surface erosion predictions for the two standard road tests ranged from +31.2 t/ha/yr (+15 percent) to -30.3 t/ha/yr (-63 percent) with an average of zero t/ha/yr and a standard deviation of the differences of 18.7 t/ha/yr. The annual prediction errors for the three watershed scale tests had a greater range from -40.8 t/ha/yr (-70 percent) to +65.3 t/ha/yr (+38 percent) with a mean of -1.9 t/ha/yr and a standard deviation of the differences of 25.2 t/ha/yr. Sediment yields predicted by BOISED (watershed scale tests) were consistently greater (average of 2.5 times) than measured sediment yields. Hillslope sediment delivery coefficients in BOISED appear to be overly conservative to account for average site conditions and road locations, and thus over-predict sediment delivery. Mass erosion predictions from BOISED appear to predict volume well (465 tonnes actual versus 710 tonnes predicted, or a 35 percent difference) over 15 to 20 years, however mass wasting is more episodic than the model predicts. 相似文献
144.
Parental investment, potential reproductive rates, and mating system in the strawberry dart-poison frog, Dendrobates pumilio 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
We studied the effect of relative parental investment on potential reproductive rates (PRRs) to explain sex differences in
selectivity and competition in the dart-poison frog Dendrobates pumilio. We recorded the reproductive behavior of this species in a Costa Rican lowland rainforest for almost 6 months. Females spent
more time on parental care than males, and `time out' estimates suggest that PRRs of males are much higher than than those
of females, rendering females the limiting sex in the mating process. Males defended territories that provide suitable calling
sites, space for courtship and oviposition, and prevent interference by competitors. Male mating success was highly variable,
from 0 to 12 matings, and was significantly correlated with calling activity and average perch height, but was independent
of body size and weight. Estimates of opportunity for sexual selection and variation in male mating success are given. The
mating system is polygamous: males and females mated several times with different mates. Females were more selective than
males and may sample males between matings. The discrepancy in PRRs between the sexes due to differences in parental investment
and the prolonged breeding season is sufficient to explain the observed mating pattern i.e., selective females, high variance
in male mating success, and the considerable opportunity for sexual selection.
Received: 9 June 1998 / Received in revised form: 27 March 1999 / Accepted: 3 April 1999 相似文献
145.
146.
René M. Rossi Walter Bolli Rolf Stämpfli 《International journal of occupational safety and ergonomics》2013,19(1):55-60
Heat and mechanical protection properties of 6 fabric combinations commonly used in firefighters’ protective clothing were assessed before and after different heat treatment. It was shown that after heat exposure, the values obtained were generally lower than in the original state. The mechanical properties of the materials were more affected by heat than by heat protective properties. In 2 cases, degradation started before a visible change in the material could be observed, which might be potentially dangerous for the end user who will not realize the alteration of the material. 相似文献
147.
Evaluating Water Conservation and Reuse Policies Using a Dynamic Water Balance Model 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
Kamal Qaiser Sajjad Ahmad Walter Johnson Jacimaria R. Batista 《Environmental management》2013,51(2):449-458
A dynamic water balance model is created to examine the effects of different water conservation policies and recycled water use on water demand and supply in a region faced with water shortages and significant population growth, the Las Vegas Valley (LVV). The model, developed using system dynamics approach, includes an unusual component of the water system, return flow credits, where credits are accrued for returning treated wastewater to the water supply source. In LVV, Lake Mead serves as, both the drinking water source and the receiving body for treated wastewater. LVV has a consumptive use allocation from Lake Mead but return flow credits allow the water agency to pull out additional water equal to the amount returned as treated wastewater. This backdrop results in a scenario in which conservation may cause a decline in the available water supply. Current water use in LVV is 945 lpcd (250 gpcd), which the water agency aims to reduce to 752 lpcd (199 gpcd) by 2035, mainly through water conservation. Different conservation policies focused on indoor and outdoor water use, along with different population growth scenarios, are modeled for their effects on the water demand and supply. Major contribution of this study is in highlighting the importance of outdoor water conservation and the effectiveness of reducing population growth rate in addressing the future water shortages. The water agency target to decrease consumption, if met completely through outdoor conservation, coupled with lower population growth rate, can potentially satisfy the Valley’s water demands through 2035. 相似文献
148.
We examine the control of air pollution caused by households burning wood for heating and cooking in the developing world. Since the problem is one of controlling emissions from nonpoint sources, regulations are likely to be directed at household choices of wood consumption and combustion technologies. Moreover, these choices are subtractions from, or contributions to, the pure public good of air quality. Consequently, the efficient policy design is not independent of the distribution of household income. Since it is unrealistic to assume that environmental authorities can make lump sum income transfers part of control policies, efficient control of air pollution caused by wood consumption entails a higher tax on wood consumption and a higher subsidy for more efficient combustion technologies for higher income households. Among other difficulties, implementing a policy to promote the adoption of cleaner combustion technologies must overcome the seemingly paradoxical result that efficient control calls for higher technology subsidies for higher income households. 相似文献
149.
Gabi N. Waite Stéphane J. P. Egot-Lemaire Walter X. Balcavage 《The Environmentalist》2011,31(2):107-113
Over the past decades, strong evidence has accumulated that low-frequency electromagnetic fields (EMFs) can be useful in treating
human pathologies, such as bone fractures, soft tissue illnesses, and pain. Common strategies for the design of commercial
therapeutic devices are to generate EMFs that simulate body endogenous EMFs, or EMFs that resonate with a particular biological
process, such as the natural motions of ions. We recently came across a biologically active commercial EMF signal that seems
to be different. The signal is generated by summing the fundamental frequencies and harmonics of several periodic base signals
which remain proprietary to the company. When first examined in the time domain, the signal resembled electronic noise; however,
when critically analyzed, the signal is not identical with noise. Rather, it is a highly complex waveform exhibiting a very
wide range of values for the time derivative of the magnetic field density (dB/dt) and a beat frequency in the Extremely Low-Frequency
range. In this paper, we speculate on the mechanism of action of this and similar signals. We consider it less likely that
cells, or cell components, act like filters to extract and couple with individual signals that make up the complex EMF signal.
Consequently, we favor the possibility that with the signal discussed here cells respond to the very complex signal and that
the biological response can be modified by the presence of a beat in the signal, in this case a low-frequency beat. More generally,
this would suggest the hypothesis that biological processes can be regulated by noise-like signals and that the effects of
a noisy signal can be modified by the presence of signal repetition patterns, such as beats. Given the very small energy that
signals like these can transduce into a biological system, biological effects can be expected only when the molecular processes
involved are poised so that the available energy leads to molecular reactions that achieve the activation state for the reaction. 相似文献
150.
The Arctic experiences a high-radiation environment in the summer with 24-hour daylight for more than two months. Damage to plants and ecosystem metabolism can be muted by overcast conditions common in much of the Arctic. However, with climate change, extreme dry years and clearer skies could lead to the risk of increased photoxidation and photoinhibition in Arctic primary producers. Mosses, which often exceed the NPP of vascular plants in Arctic areas, are often understudied. As a result, the effect of specific environmental factors, including light, on these growth forms is poorly understood. Here, we investigated net ecosystem exchange (NEE) at the ecosystem scale, net Sphagnum CO2 exchange (NSE), and photoinhibition to better understand the impact of light on carbon exchange from a moss-dominated coastal tundra ecosystem during the summer season 2006. Sphagnum photosynthesis showed photoinhibition early in the season coupled with low ecosystem NEE. However, later in the season, Sphagnum maintained a significant CO2 uptake, probably for the development of subsurface moss layers protected from strong radiation. We suggest that the compact canopy structure of Sphagnum reduces light penetration to the subsurface layers of the moss mat and thereby protects the active photosynthetic tissues from damage. This stress avoidance mechanism allowed Sphagnum to constitute a significant percentage (up to 60%) of the ecosystem net daytime CO2 uptake at the end of the growing season despite the high levels of radiation experienced. 相似文献