全文获取类型
收费全文 | 24918篇 |
免费 | 265篇 |
国内免费 | 165篇 |
专业分类
安全科学 | 573篇 |
废物处理 | 1051篇 |
环保管理 | 2992篇 |
综合类 | 5235篇 |
基础理论 | 6583篇 |
环境理论 | 11篇 |
污染及防治 | 6216篇 |
评价与监测 | 1529篇 |
社会与环境 | 1006篇 |
灾害及防治 | 152篇 |
出版年
2022年 | 179篇 |
2021年 | 177篇 |
2019年 | 160篇 |
2018年 | 310篇 |
2017年 | 311篇 |
2016年 | 484篇 |
2015年 | 378篇 |
2014年 | 575篇 |
2013年 | 1823篇 |
2012年 | 701篇 |
2011年 | 928篇 |
2010年 | 788篇 |
2009年 | 791篇 |
2008年 | 978篇 |
2007年 | 1029篇 |
2006年 | 885篇 |
2005年 | 765篇 |
2004年 | 736篇 |
2003年 | 744篇 |
2002年 | 705篇 |
2001年 | 830篇 |
2000年 | 655篇 |
1999年 | 407篇 |
1998年 | 316篇 |
1997年 | 332篇 |
1996年 | 324篇 |
1995年 | 388篇 |
1994年 | 372篇 |
1993年 | 310篇 |
1992年 | 307篇 |
1991年 | 311篇 |
1990年 | 335篇 |
1989年 | 304篇 |
1988年 | 279篇 |
1987年 | 253篇 |
1986年 | 244篇 |
1985年 | 234篇 |
1984年 | 275篇 |
1983年 | 227篇 |
1982年 | 299篇 |
1981年 | 241篇 |
1980年 | 217篇 |
1979年 | 237篇 |
1978年 | 212篇 |
1977年 | 185篇 |
1975年 | 166篇 |
1974年 | 174篇 |
1973年 | 192篇 |
1972年 | 163篇 |
1971年 | 160篇 |
排序方式: 共有10000条查询结果,搜索用时 15 毫秒
921.
Soma Giri Gurdeep Singh V. N. Jha R. M. Tripathi 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):157-166
Ingestion of radionuclides and heavy metals through drinking water and food intake represents one of the important pathways for long-term health considerations. Milk and milk products are main constituents of the daily diet. Radionuclides and heavy metals can be apprehended in the ecosystem of the East Singhbhum region which is known for its viable grades of uranium, copper and other minerals. For the risk assessment studies, samples of milk were collected from twelve villages around Bagjata mining area and analysed for U(nat), 226Ra, 230Th, 210Po, Fe, Mn, Zn, Pb, Cu and Ni. Analysis of the results of the study reveals that the geometric mean of U(nat), 226Ra, 230Th and 210Po was 0.021, 0.24, 0.23 and 1.08 Bq l???1, respectively. The ingestion dose was calculated to be 12.34 ??SvY???1 which is reflecting the natural background dose via the route of ingestion, and much below the 1 mSv limit set in the new ICRP recommendations. The excess lifetime cancer risk was estimated to be 1.72 × 10???4 which is within the acceptable excess individual lifetime cancer risk value of 1 × 10???4. The geometric mean of Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu and Ni was 4.91, 0.29, 4.77, 0.56 and 0.48 mgl???1, respectively; whereas the daily intake was computed to be 0.44, 0.03, 0.43, 0.05 and 0.04 mg/day, respectively. Pb was not detected in any of the samples. The hazard quotient revealed that the intake of the heavy metals through the ingestion of milk does not pose any apparent threat to the local people as none of the HQ of the heavy metals exceeds the limit of 1. 相似文献
922.
Patrick M. Palmer Lloyd R. Wilson Ann C. Casey Robert E. Wagner 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,175(1-4):487-499
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were measured in raw and finished drinking water at seven Public Water Systems (PWSs) along the Hudson River as part of a baseline monitoring program prior to the extensive sediment dredging of the Upper Hudson River. Water samples were either analyzed using an Aroclor method (based on USEPA Method 508) or a congener method (Modified Green Bay Mass Balance Method). Using the congener-based method, raw water concentrations ranged from <9.3 to 164.3 ng/L and finished water concentrations ranged from <9.3 to 186.6 ng/L. Using the Aroclor method, finished water concentrations ranged from <5.0 to 200.9 ng/L. Most finished water samples above 73.0 ng/L were from a PWS with wells drilled near the river. Excluding the well data, total PCB concentrations in raw water at systems in the Upper River were similar to concentrations at systems in the Lower River, though the congener patterns differed. Paired comparison of total PCB concentrations using the two analytical methods showed good agreement, although raw water showed a different relationship than finished water. 相似文献
923.
Gerald J. Kauffman Andrew R. Homsey Andrew C. Belden Jessica Rittler Sanchez 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,177(1-4):193-225
In 1940, the tidal Delaware River was ??one of the most grossly polluted areas in the United States.?? During the 1950s, water quality was so poor along the river at Philadelphia that zero oxygen levels prevented migration of American shad leading to near extirpation of the species. Since then, water quality in the Delaware Basin has improved with implementation of the 1961 Delaware River Basin Compact and 1970s Federal Clean Water Act Amendments. At 15 gages along the Delaware River and major tributaries between 1980 and 2005, water quality for dissolved oxygen, phosphorus, nitrogen, and sediment improved at 39%, remained constant at 51%, and degraded at 10% of the stations. Since 1980, improved water-quality stations outnumbered degraded stations by a 4 to 1 margin. Water quality remains good in the nontidal river above Trenton and, while improved, remains fair to poor for phosphorus and nitrogen in the tidal estuary near Philadelphia and in the Lehigh and Schuylkill tributaries. Water quality is good in heavily forested watersheds (>50%) and poor in highly cultivated watersheds. Water quality recovery in the Delaware Basin is coincident with implementation of environmental laws enacted in the 1960s and 1970s and is congruent with return of striped bass, shad, blue crab, and bald eagle populations. 相似文献
924.
Parvesh Chandna M. L. Khurana Jagdish K. Ladha Milap Punia R. S. Mehla Raj Gupta 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2011,178(1-4):545-562
Increased use of nitrogenous fertilizers in the intensively cultivated rice (Oryza sativa)?Cwheat (Triticum aestivum) cropping system (covers a 13.5-ha m area in South Asia) has led to the concentration of nitrates (NO3-N) in the groundwater (GW) in Haryana State of India. Six districts from the freshwater zone were selected to identify factors affecting NO3-N enrichment in GW. Water and soil samples were collected from 1,580 locations and analyzed for their chemical properties. About 3% (26,796, and 10,588 ha) of the area was estimated to be under moderately high (7.5?C10 mg l???1) and high (>10 mg l???1) risk categories, respectively. The results revealed that NO3-N was 10?C50% higher during the pre-monsoon season than in the monsoon season. Nitrate-N decreased with the increase in aquifer depth (r 2?=?0.99). Spatial and proximity analyses using ArcGIS (9.2) revealed that (1) clay material in surface and sub-surface texture restricts N leaching, (2) piedmont and rolling plains act as an N sink, and (3) perennial rivers bring a dilution effect whereas seasonal rivers provide favorable conditions for NO3 ? enrichment. The study concludes that chemical N fertilizers applied in agro-ecosystems are not the sole factor determining the NO3 in groundwater; rather, it is an integrated process governed by several other factors including physical and chemical properties of soils, proximity and type of river, and geomorphologic and geographical aspects. Therefore, future studies should adopt larger area (at least watershed scale) to understand the mechanistic pathways of NO3 enrichment in groundwater and interactive role of the natural drainage system and surrounding physical features. In addition, the study also presents a conceptual framework to describe the process of nitrate formation and leaching in piedmont plains and its transportation to the mid-plain zone. 相似文献
925.
926.
In several branches of science and technology a gaseous phase is dispersed into a liquid in the form of bubbles, a gaseous
component then dissolves into the liquid and subsequently undergoes chemical reaction. The overall process performance can
be improved substantially when the area of gas–liquid contact is increased. By subjecting the liquid phase to low frequency
vibrations, the bubbles are shown to suffer significant breakage, induced by resonance. When the vibration is properly tuned,
the interfacial area is found to increase by a factor of 1.8–2.4, depending on the properties of the liquid. Resonance-induced
bubble breakage phenomena have a great potential for improving the rates of chemical processes involving fast reactions, with
minimal energy input.
Received: 7 July 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 28 August 2000 相似文献
927.
The effect of a green leaf volatile on host plant finding by larvae of a herbivorous insect 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
The role of a general green leaf volatile (glv) in host finding by larvae of the oligophagous chrysomelid Cassida denticollis was investigated using a new bioassay which takes into account the need for neonate larvae of this species to climb fresh
host plants from the ground. A "stem arena" was designed in which plant stems of the host, tansy (Tanacetum vulgare), and stem dummies (tooth picks), both wrapped in perforated filter paper, were offered to neonate larvae. The wrapping allowed
olfactory responses to be tested by preventing access to contact stimuli of stems and dummies. Larvae significantly preferred
to climb the wrapped tansy stems over dummies after a period of 15 min. The test glv, (Z)-3-hexen-1-ol, was not attractive when applied to dummies. However, when the glv was applied to the bottom of the arena,
the ability of larvae to discriminate between host stems and untreated dummies was significantly enhanced. More larvae climbed
wrapped host stems than dummies even within 5 min. While numerous other herbivorous insects are known to be directly attracted
by glv, this study shows that a singly offered glv on its own is unattractive to an herbivore but enhances the herbivore's
ability to differentiate between host and nonhost plants.
Received: 19 October 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 28 February 2000 相似文献
928.
A survey is given on fluid-dynamic effects caused by the structure and properties of biological surfaces. It is demonstrated
that the results of investigations aiming at technological applications can also provide insights into biophysical phenomena.
Techniques are described both for reducing wall shear stresses and for controlling boundary-layer separation. (a) Wall shear
stress reduction was investigated experimentally for various riblet surfaces including a shark skin replica. The latter consists
of 800 plastic model scales with compliant anchoring. Hairy surfaces are also considered, and surfaces in which the no-slip
condition is modified. Self-cleaning surfaces such as that of lotus leaves represent an interesting option to avoid fluid-dynamic
deterioration by the agglomeration of dirt. An example of technological implementation is discussed for riblets in long-range
commercial aircraft. (b) Separation control is also an important issue in biology. After a few brief comments on vortex generators,
the mechanism of separation control by bird feathers is described in detail. Self-activated movable flaps (=artificial bird
feathers) represent a high-lift system enhancing the maximum lift of airfoils by about 20%. This is achieved without perceivable
deleterious effects under cruise conditions. Finally, flight experiments on an aircraft with laminar wing and movable flaps
are presented. 相似文献
929.
Self-diffusion coefficients were studied for the highly polar liquid N-methylformamide at pressures up to 200 MPa between the melting pressure curves and 420 K by the spin-echo method. N-Methylformamide exists as a mixture of two conformers in the neat liquid. These conformers have large differences at lower
temperatures in their dynamic and structural properties. The self-diffusion coefficient of the cis-conformer being 17% lower than that of the trans-conformer at the same T and p. This is the first observation of such an effect. The experimental study is supported by Monte Carlo (MC) calculations which
show that the first neighbors around a cis conformer are arranged differently than in an all trans liquid. The difference leads in the simulations to a much lower dielectric constant for the trans-cis mixture and might also explain the retardation of diffusion for the cis conformer.
Received: 15 November 1999 / Accepted in revised form: 28 February 2000 相似文献
930.
Flavonoid wing pigments increase attractiveness of female common blue (Polyommatus icarus) butterflies to mate-searching males 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Common blue butterflies (Polyommatus icarus) sequester flavonoids from their larval host plants and allocate these UV-absorbing pigments to the wings. In field experiments
using dummies constructed from female butterflies, mate-searching males inspected flavonoid-rich dummies more intensively
than those with little or no flavonoids. Flavonoid content as signalled by UV-wing pattern may indicate ontogenetically determined
female quality or enhance detectability to males.
Received: 21 March 2000 / Accepted in revised form: 17 May 2000 相似文献