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371.
An elemental analyzer in combination with stable isotope ratio mass spectrometry (EA-IRMS) was used to demonstrate that two samples of the chloropesticide Melipax discovered in two countries varied only by 0.1 per thousand in their delta 13C values. Gas chromatography interfaced to a stable isotope mass spectrometer (GC-IRMS) was used to study the delta 13C values of individual congeners in two technical polybrominated diphenyl ether products, i. e. DE-71 and DE-79, at three different concentration levels. Injections of 4 microg and 5.2 microg of DE-71 and DE-79 were most suited for the determinations. In both products, the delta 13C values were usually the more negative the higher the degree of bromination was. The delta 13C values of three hexabromo isomers BDE 138, BDE 153, and BDE 154 could be determined in both products. In all cases the delta 13C values of the three hexaBDEs were more depleted in delta 13C in the higher brominated technical octabromo diphenyl ether DE-79. 相似文献
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From a historical point of view, man's concern about the health and protection of water supply is the history of the dramatic reduction in acute communicable diseases due to water-borne micro-organisms. Now that these have been essentially eliminated, there has been a great reduction in concern by scientists and the medical profession with the health aspects of contaminated water. This, in spite of the fact that many concerned people and national advisory groups have reminded us that an increasing number of possible chemical and other hazards find their way into our water supplies and expose human populations to contaminants at low concentration levels without reliable knowledge as to their health effects. Too little research is being done on the health effects of chemicals, pesticides, and viruses. The fact that large populations are being exposed to these possible hazards raises legal and public policy questions. Persons who are largely ignorant of the possible harm of these substances are being exposed to them without consent. Often low level exposure to environmental contaminants is not known or not discovered until considerable time has passed. This raises the question concerning the burden which should be imposed on industry and others who introduce new substances in the environment. The best approach in solving this problem is to prohibit the new substance from being introduced into the environment until it has been shown by reliable studies that even low level exposure is not likely to harm human health. 相似文献
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Walter Leal Filho Francine Modesto Gustavo J. Nagy Mustafa Saroar Nsani YannickToamukum Michael Ha’apio 《Mitigation and Adaptation Strategies for Global Change》2018,23(4):579-602
This paper describes a comparative study of four different cases on vulnerability, hazards and adaptive capacity to climate threats in coastal areas and communities in four developing countries: Bangladesh, Brazil, Cameroon and Uruguay. Coastal areas are vulnerable to sea-level rise (SLR), storm surges and flooding due to their (i) exposure, (ii) concentration of settlements, many of which occupied by less advantaged groups and (iii) the concentration of assets and services seen in these areas. The objective of the paper is twofold: (i) to evaluate current evidence of coastal vulnerability and adaptive capacity and (ii) to compare adaptation strategies being implemented in a sample of developing countries, focusing on successful ones. The followed approach for the case evaluation is based on (i) documenting observed threats and damages, (ii) using indicators of physical and socioeconomic vulnerability and adaptive capacity status and (iii) selecting examples of successful responses. Major conclusions based on cross-case comparison are (a) the studied countries show different vulnerability, adaptive capacity and implementation of responses, (b) innovative community-based (CBA) and ecosystem-based adaptation (EbA) and (c) early warning systems are key approaches and tools to foster climate resilience. A recommendation to foster the resilience of coastal communities and services is that efforts in innovative adaptation strategies to sea-level rise should be intensified and integrated with climate risk management within the national adaption plans (NAPAs) in order to reduce the impacts of hazards. 相似文献
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K. v. Frisch H. Dannenbaum Walter Gross O. Koehler W. Schnakenbeck 《Die Naturwissenschaften》1939,27(13):215-216
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