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231.
Stuczynski T Siebielec G Daniels WL Daniels WL McCarty G Chaney RL 《Journal of environmental quality》2007,36(4):1154-1162
Smelter waste deposits pose an environmental threat worldwide. Biosolids are potentialy useful in reclamation of such sites. Biological aspects of revegetation of Zn and Pb smelter wastelands using biosolids are discussed in this report. The goal of the studies was to assess to what extent biosolid treatment would support ecosystem functioning as measured by biological indicators such as enzyme activities of revegetated metal waste or plant growth. Another crucial aspect was related to the assessment of metal transfer to the ecosystem which could affect the health of local fauna and also create a food chain risk. A field experiment was conducted on a smelter waste deposit in Piekary Slaskie, Silesia, Poland, with two separate fields - established on wastes from the Welz and Doerschel smelting processes. The tested methods allowed revegetation of the fields - application of municipal biosolid at the rate 300 dry t ha(-1) combined with the incorporation of commercial lime in a mixed oxide and carbonate form at the rate of 1.5 and 30 t for Welz waste or use of a 30 cm by-product lime cap followed by incorporation of biosolid at a rate of 300 t ha(-1) for the more acidic Doerschel waste. Studies on biological activities demonstrated that the reclamation methods used are an effective way to establish new, fully-functioning ecosystems that support plant growth. They also provided strong evidence that forage crops grown on Zn, Cd and Pb contaminated sites reclaimed using lime and biosolids do not pose identified risk for wildlife and food safety. 相似文献
232.
Escalada JP Pajares A Gianotti J Massad WA Bertolotti S Amat-Guerri F García NA 《Chemosphere》2006,65(2):237-244
The present work studies the visible-light-promoted photodegradation of the colorless fungicide carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate) and several 2-substituted benzimidazoles (SBZ's), in water or water-methanol solution, in the presence of air and, as a photosensitizer, the synthetic xanthene dye Rose Bengal (RB) or the natural pigment riboflavin (Rf). The results indicate that the degradation of each particular SBZ depends on its chemical structure and on the sensitizer employed. In the presence of RB, the degradation always operates via a singlet molecular oxygen (O(2)((1)Delta(g)))-mediated mechanism, through a highly efficient process, as deduced from the comparison of the rate constants for physical and chemical quenching of O(2)((1)Delta(g)). In the presence of Rf, the visible-light irradiation of any of the studied SBZ's produces a series of competitive processes that depend on the relative concentrations of Rf and SBZ. These processes include the quenching of excited singlet and triplet Rf states by the SBZ and the generation of both O(2)((1)Delta(g)) and superoxide radical anion (O(2)(-)), the latter generated by electron transfer from excited Rf species to the dissolved oxygen. The overall result is the photodegradation of the SBZ and the photoprotection of the sensitizer. 相似文献
233.
D. Geneviève E. Walter P. Gorry M. L. Jacquemont L. Dupic V. Layet A. Munnich V. Cormier-Daire M. Dommergues S. Lyonnet D. Mitanchez 《黑龙江环境通报》2005,25(11):997-999
Gorlin syndrome (GS), also known as nevoid basal cell carcinoma syndrome, is a rare autosomal dominant condition with an estimated prevalence of 1:57 000. GS is associated with congenital malformations and predisposition to neoplasms. The main features observed in patients with GS are basal cell carcinomas, odontogenic keratocysts, skeletal anomalies including scoliosis and bifid ribs, palmar and plantar epidermal cysts, facial dysmorphism, and cerebral falx calcification. More than 100 other clinical manifestations have also been described in the literature including ovarian fibroma, enlarged cerebral ventricles, and lymphatic as well as chylous mesenteric cysts. The Patched (PTCH) gene is responsible for GS when mutated. Here, we report on a prenatal diagnosis of GS in a girl with a chylothorax, a previously unreported feature in GS. We discuss the clinical features observed in this family and we comment on the molecular studies that allowed us to describe a previously unreported Patched gene mutation. Copyright © 2005 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. 相似文献
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236.
Computer simulation provides a powerful tool for comparing alternative designs of remediation processes. The software package FLUENT copes successfully with subsurface three-dimensional flow fields, multiple and directional permeabilities, wide spatial variations in subsurface gas velocities, and the presence of surface structures. FLUENT can provide an invaluable method for comparing remediation efficiencies among competing design alternatives. This article features case studies to illustrate the benefits that simulation studies provide before and during the initiation of remedial actions using bioventing. 相似文献
237.
Walter E. J. Tips 《The Environmentalist》1982,2(2):143-158
Summary The position and weaknesses of the Belgian environmental movement are assessed within their historical context. Recent intentions
pronounced by prominent members of the movement are put into the context of the on-going constitutional and administrative
reformation in Belgium.
An analysis is made of the organizational and operational problems that exist within any planning process, including environmental
planning processes. The problems in the latter type of process are severe due to the derived or indirect nature of the subject
matter of environmental management and planning.
It is argued that an appropriate response to the unique opportunities furnished by the administrative reorganization consists
of demanding the establishment of a central planning and strategic control authority. This authority would be the initiator
of the general planning processes within the Flemish Community. It would act on the indication of the Executive Cabinet and
it would be charged with planning, programming, budgeting, and strategic control of goals and policy guidelines adopted by
the Flemish Community Council.
The role of environmental managers and planners will be twofold. They would be members of the planning teams within the central
planning and strategic control authority, thus they would ensure the environmental soundness of planning. Secondly, they will
be the implementators of specific planning actions, undertaken solely to enhance the quality of Flanders' battered environment.
To execute the latter function, they will constitute the personnel of peripheral, implementation-geared, environmental agencies.
Walter E. J. Tips holds degrees in general biology, ecology and town and regional planning from the State University of Ghent
(Belgium). He has published in fields as varied as conservation, animal ecology, environmental planning and environmental
impact assessment, and rural development planning. He has been a lecturer in planning in Malaysia and an advisor to Belgian
landscape planning authorities. At present his main interest is in research on the possibilities of organizational reform
of government administration to include environmental planning procedures in decision making and planning. 相似文献
238.
Walter H. Bumgardner Lawrence R. Klar Aldo Glirin 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1980,16(2):279-284
ABSTRACT: There is considerable controversy inthe Northeast surrounding the extent to whcih public drinking water reservoirs should be used for recreational purposes. This paper reports the results of two integrated studies of (1) recreation users of Quabbin Reservation, the largest inland water source in New England and (2) the general public of Massachusetts. Data were obtained by conducting on-site interviews of Quabbin users and through state-wide telephone interviews of the general public; both studies focused on assessing attitudes toward the recreational use of drinking water reservoirs in Massachusetts. Unlike the findings of a 1969 study conducted by Baumann, results showed that the majority of Massachusetts residents do not favor recreation-prohibiting laws for most activities. Most favored at least moderate use of reservoirs for recreational purposes. In addition, over all views were not as restrictive as present legislation would suggest. Finally, these findings suggest that current recreation-prohibiting laws should be reassessed in light of pugblic opinion which favors the use of these valuable resources. 相似文献
239.
Thomas J. Jackson Walter J. Rawls 《Journal of the American Water Resources Association》1981,17(5):857-862
Estimating the Curve Numbers used in the Soil Conservation Service hydrologic models is a tedious and costly task. Recent advances in remote sensing and data processing have led to the development of readily available land cover data bases for many areas of the United States. This study evaluated the potential of using a Landsat data base to make the Curve Number estimation process more cost-effective and less tedious. Ten watersheds in the Washington, D.C., area were evaluated using a Landsat land cover data base developed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Results showed that these data can be useful. Predictions can be improved if ancillary data on residential lot size are included. It was concluded that this type of data base must be examined carefully before implementation. 相似文献
240.