高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时检测地表水中13种药物及个人护理品

采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱(HPLC-MS/MS)检测,建立了地表水中13种药物及个人护理品的测定方法。水样用盐酸与氢氧化钠溶液调pH值至7.0左右,过固相萃取小柱进行富集,用14 mL甲醇洗脱。以C18柱为分离柱,0.01%甲酸的甲醇-0.01%甲酸水溶液为流动相,目标物在10 min内分离,在0.50~250 μg/L范围内,13种化合物峰面积与内标物质峰面积之比与质量浓度的线性关系良好(>0.99),检出限在0.05~0.5 ng/L范围内。基质加标实验结果表明,13种化合物在水中的回收率分别在56.2%~123.2%之间(加标水平5 ng/mL)和58.0%~107.8%(加标水平50 ng/mL),相对标准偏差在1.60%~19.9%(n=6)之间。应用该方法测定了从2条纳污河流采集的10份水样,结果表明,除美托诺尔和普洛萘尔未被检出外,其余11药物的检出频率在30%~100%之间。在13种目标物质中,咖啡因的检测浓度最高达287.5 ng/L,舒必利次之,为277.5 ng/L。本方法快速、准确,适用于地表水中PPCPs类的快速测定。     

扬州市土地利用与覆盖的遥感监测

应用遥感技术监测分析扬州市2009—2012年土地利用与覆盖状况。结果表明,扬州市土地利用及覆盖以耕地、城乡工矿居民用地及水域为主,主要生态红线区土地覆盖类型未发生人为改变,生态环境状况总体良好,呈略有改善的态势。提出,应坚持开展污染治理和生态建设,优化发展空间,统筹城乡建设用地管理。     

湖南境内澧水鱼类资源现状与多样性研究

作为洞庭湖一级支流,澧水对洞庭湖乃至长江水系鱼类资源的维持或补充有着重要作用。为了了解澧水的鱼类资源现状,于2010年4月~2011年12月,对湖南境内澧水水系鱼类资源进行调查。共采集鉴定鱼类95种（包括1种湖南鱼类新纪录,4种外来种）,隶属于8目19科59属。种类组成以鲤科鱼类为主,占5053%。多样性分析表明,澧水不同江段鱼类群落多样性处于较好或丰富状态,在空间分布上,鱼类物种数按上、中、下游依次增加,多样性指数也呈上升趋势且差异显著（P<005）。相似性及聚类分析表明,澧水鱼类群落可分为3个类群,即：上、中、下游类群;上游与中游类群为中等相似,与下游类群为中等不相似,中游与下游类群相似性总体小于与上游类群相似性。澧水鱼类在洄游、摄食、栖息习性等生态类型上呈现多样化特征。调查江段渔获物组成虽存在差异,但主要以鲤、鲫、翘嘴鲌、蒙古鲌、鲇、黄颡鱼、[XCz1.tif;%85%85,JZ]、银鮈、中华花鳅、子陵吻鰕虎鱼等湖泊定居性或山溪流水性[JP3]鱼类为主,“四大家鱼”等洄游性鱼类所占比例极低,鱼类小型化现象明显,原因分析主要与水工建设和过度捕捞有关。[     

重金属污染土壤中提高植物提取修复功效的探讨

随着对重金属超积累植物研究的加深 ,用植物提取修复技术来改良重金属污染的土壤已逐步进入实用阶段。本文所探讨的提高此技术功效的方法基于两个方面 :提高土壤溶液中重金属的浓度 ,促进植物对重金属的吸收 ;根据已了解的超积累的生理机制可能采取的一些措施     

Characterization and diurnal variation of size-resolved inorganic water-soluble ions at a rural background site

Water-soluble inorganic ions in aerosol samples have been studied. The sample collection took place during summer in 2003 at a European background site which is operating within the framework of the European Monitoring and Evaluation Program. Gent type PM10 stacked filter unit (SFU) samplers were operated in parallel on a day and night basis to collect particles in separate coarse (2.0-10 microm) and fine (<2.0 microm) size fractions. Particulate masses were measured gravimetrically; the filters from one of the SFU samplers were analyzed by particle-induced X-ray emission spectrometry (PIXE) and instrumental neutron activation analysis (INAA). Filters from the other SFU sampler were analyzed by ion chromatography (IC) for major inorganic anions (MSA-, NO2(-), NO3(-), Cl-, Br-, SO4(2-), oxalate) and cations (Na+, K+, NH4(+), Mg2+, Ca2+). The water-soluble inorganic ions measured were responsible for 44% and 16% of the total fine and coarse particulate mass, respectively. In the fine size fraction, the main ionic components were SO4(2-) and NH4(+) accounting for about 90% of fine ionic mass. In the coarse fraction the main ionic components were Ca2+ and NO3(-), followed by SO4(2-). Significant day and night difference in the mass concentrations was observed only for fine NO3(-). The molar ratios of fine NH4(+) to SO4(2-) indicated their complete neutralization to (NH4)2SO4. According to the cation-to-anion ratios the coarse particles were alkaline, while the fine particles were slightly acidic or neutral. By comparing the corresponding concentrations obtained from PIXE/INAA and IC, we determined the water-extractable part of the individual species. We also investigated the effect of long-range transported air masses on the local air concentrations, and we found that the air quality of this background monitoring station was affected by regional pollution sources.     

考虑预测不确定性的微网优化调度

针对现有技术下由于微网中不可控微源出力预测和负荷预测均存在误差较大而引起微网优化调度结果不准确的问题,提出在传统微网经济调度模型中增加不确定性描述模型,得到不同侧重点下的微网经济优化结果,并对结果进行分析。首先,通过利用区间数描述预测不确定性,并结合隶属度函数推导容忍度概念。其次,在并网运行模式的微网结构上建立以运行成本最低为目标函数的微网优化调度模型,并将该模型转换为区间数形式表示。最后,利用粒子群优化算法并以MATLAB为主要工具对上述模型进行求解,得到微网24 h出力优化区间解结果,并对结果进行详细分析。算例通过对某并网型微网进行分析,验证了所提模型的科学性和有效性。