环境监测质量控制方法——质控图的应用

质量控制图是简便而有效的统计技术,用实例来说明环境监测质控图在监测实验室的应用,是监测实验室中易实施的室内和室间质控方法。     

Cleaning carcinogenic nitrosamines with zeolites

N-nitrosamines are characterized with an N-nitroso group N–NO. N-nitrosamines are strong carcinogens or potent carcinogens. Nitrosamines occur widely in the environment, e.g., as tobacco smoke that causes cancers of lungs, larynx, oral cavity and pharynx, pancreas, kidney and bladder. It is difficult to capture selectively N-nitrosamines in the environment. Therefore, zeolite, which is a molecular sieve, may help to sequester N-nitrosamines. Zeolites are a class of aluminosilicates, characterized by ordered microporous structures with acidic–basic sites on the surface and energetic field inside the pores. They have been widely applied in industry as adsorbents and catalysts because of their unique shape selectivity. Here, we review the latest research on adsorption and catalytic degradation of N-nitrosamines by zeolite materials. The efficiency of zeolite is increased using metal oxides. Removal of N-nitrosamines in smoke is discussed.     

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术在微细颗粒制备中的应用

超临界溶液快速膨胀技术是近三十年来发展起来的新技术。本文对该技术制备微细颗粒原理作了简要的介绍 ,对国内外该技术制备超细粉体装置进行了较为详细的分析 ,并综述了该领域的研究现状和主要成果。     

横门围垦对邻近海域水环境影响的数值模拟

用二维水动力数值模型,模拟了横门围垦工程对邻近海域水环境的影响。计算结果表明,工程后流速的改变幅度在-10.15～ 10.03cm/s之间,平均为-3.39cm/s。水位的改变幅度在-5.24～ 8.85cm之间,平均为-0.16cm,大潮期间落潮最大流速时水位的变化幅度,稍大于涨潮最大流速时的变化幅度。围垦工程完成后,邻近海域浅滩处的流速进一步降低,有利于促进淤积,加快浅滩成围速度,而深槽处的流速则略有提高,对河道泄洪没有太大影响。邻近海区水位低潮时将略有下降,高潮时将略有上升,但变化不大,最大不超过10cm,平均不到1cm。     

污水处理场运行的改进与优化

从荆门石化污水处理场的改扩建入手，分析了投用后存在的主要问题，针对隔油、浮选、生化各单元的运行进行了改进与优化     

Effect of the chemical forms of selenium on its volatilization from soils in Chinese low-selenium belt

Bio-availability of different forms of selenium and its rate of volatilization from soils in Chinese low-selenium belt were examined. Adding directly solutions of either inorganic or organic selenium compounds to soil could only slightly increase the rate of selenium volatilization from soil. Volatilization of selenium from soil was largely enhanced when certain nutritional solutions along with selenium compounds were added. Garlic water extract and seleno-amino acids, i.e., seleno-methionine and seleno-cysteine, were found more effective for their bio-availability to the volatilization process. Under laboratory simulating conditions, the volatilization rate of selenium from different types of soils in Chinese low-selenium belt was found in the range of 0.10-0.27 ng.kg-1 soil.day-1 over a 17 days period, generally followed by a decline with time of incubation.     

模糊综合评价法划分油田酸化废水的固化等级

首次提出以模糊数学为基础，抗压强度、毒性浸出超标物种类、固化时间、处理成本为评价因子，对油田酸化废水的固化结果作了分析。结果表明，该法全面、简便、有效地量化了固化等级。     

城镇生活污水就近引灌沙漠造林

城镇生活污水排入水体，严重影响水资源的使用价值。沙漠地区因缺水，造成许多地方造林失败。本文提出了城镇生活污水就近引灌沙漠造林的构想，从经济和环境影响两个方面将其与传统方案进行了比较，结果表明，新方案优势明显。     

碳酸盐岩红土中氧化铁矿物表面化学特征及其吸附机理研究

应用ＸＰＳ技术，首次较系统地研究了碳酸盐岩红土中氧化铁矿物表面化学特征及其吸附机理，氧公铁矿物表面的ＸＰＳ分析表明，矿物表面和整体之间在化学成分，状态和结构等方面存在明显差异，矿物表面的这种非均匀性特征是其表面化学反应的重要动力学起因。