生态补偿与生态云南

构建生态云南的基本要素有：明确的责任；心理准备充分；资金充裕；社会动员、组织动员高效便捷；打环境官司容易；完善的约束——激励机制；履行生态伦理的能力。生态补偿能创造和积累构建生态云南所需要素和条件。本文将云南生态补偿划分为伦理型生态补偿和法制型生态补偿，探讨各类生态补偿的发展策略、步骤、方式和手段。     

空气自动监测网运行率和准确率统计自动化实现的探讨

山东省在城市空气质量自动监测网络的监控管理中,设计了反映子站运行管理的量化指标和计算程序,用软件统计系统自动计算仪器设备的运行率和数据的准确率,实现了全省监测数据的统一确认,使质量保证的监管措施得以自动化实现。详细介绍了该任务的自动化实现方式。     

土壤有机物污染及其治理技术

基于近年来土壤污染治理的研究进展 ,对有机物引起的土壤污染的治理技术进行了综述 ,并对各治理技术的最新研究动态、存在问题、及发展趋势做了初步讨论。     

人工湿地控制暴雨径流污染的实验研究

研究了不同填料，不同植物的人工湿地对暴雨径流中污染物的去除，实验结果表明：（1）以沸石为填料的人工湿地对暴雨径流中的COD，N具有高而稳定的去除率。（2）沸石能高效去除氨氮，并可生物再生，长期保持吸附氨氮能力。（3）N的去除是通过硝化，反硝化作用。植物吸收，微生物的同化作用去除。（4）草蒲和芦苇对N的去除效果没有明显区别。（5）对COD的去除，芦苇好于菖蒲，但菖蒲的除P能力大于芦苇。     

Long-term (≥20 years) application of fertilizers and straw return enhances soil carbon storage: a meta-analysis

Increasing soil carbon (C) storage is crucial to addressing climate change and ensuring food security. The C sequestration potential of the world’s cropland soil is 0.4–0.8 Pg soil C year^?1, which may be achieved through the adoption of recommended management practices (RMPs), including fertilizer management. This study aimed to quantitatively evaluate the influence of long-term application of different fertilizers and straw retention on soil organic carbon (SOC) storage, to compare the calculated response ratios with Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)-recommended default relative stock change factors, and to propose recommendations for enhancing SOC sequestration. The meta-analysis indicated that the long-term application of chemical fertilizers (CF), organic fertilizers (OF), combined chemical and organic fertilizers (CFOF), and straw return (SR) significantly enhanced the SOC storage. Response ratios varied significantly (p < 0.05) across different fertilization measures and climatic zones, and was sensitive to the initial SOC content. The mean response ratio was 0.94 for no fertilizer (NF), 1.08 for CF, 1.48 for OF, 1.38 for CFOF, and 1.28 for SR. When IPCC default values for response ratios were applied, SOC storage with OF and CFOF treatments in warm temperate regions with a dry climate was underestimated by 26%, and in the cool temperate region with a moist climate was overestimated by 25% (p < 0.05). Analysis showed that sustained application of organic fertilizers and straw return could be a beneficial measures to mitigate climate change and ensure food security in China. Our findings highlight the importance of deriving SOC stock change factors for a detailed classification of cropland by fertilizer management, climate, and soil types in order to more accurately reflect the effects of policy measures.     

Influence of eutrophication on the distribution of total mercury and methylmercury in hydroelectric reservoirs

The distribution of mercury (Hg) and the characteristics of its methylation were investigated in Wujiangdu (WJD) and Yinzidu (YZD) reservoirs in Guizhou province, China. The two reservoirs are characterized by high and low levels of primary productivity, respectively. Mercury species in water samples from depth profiles in both reservoirs and from interface water in the WJD were analyzed each season during 2007. The concentrations of total Hg (HgT(unf)) and methylmercury (MeHgT(unf)) in unfiltered water samples from the WJD varied from 3.0 to 18 pmol dm(-3) and from 0.17 to 15 pmol dm(-3), respectively; ranges were 2.0 to 9.5 pmol dm(-3) for HgT(unf) and 0.14 to 2.2 pmol dm(-3) for MeHgT(unf) in the YZD. Elevated methylmercury concentrations in water samples from the bottom water and water-sediment interface demonstrated an active net Hg methylation in the downstream reach of the WJD. There was no discernable Hg methylation occurring in the YZD, nor in the upstream and middle reaches of the WJD. The results suggest that high primary productivity resulting from cage aquaculture activities in the WJD is an important control on Hg methylation in the reservoir, increasing the concentrations of MeHg in water in the Wujiang River basin Southwestern China.     

山东省辖城市空气自动监测网运行监控及信息管理系统

研制了山东省环境空气自动监测网络运行监控及信息管理系统,实现了山东省全部省辖市所有点位环境空气自动监测统一数据实时采集与多级多目标传输,全过程跟踪的质量控制与保证,全省统一数据确认、在线信息化管理。     

城市污水灌溉对地下水水质的影响分析

污水灌溉在一定程度上能缓解水资源紧张的局面，对保护水资源有一定的益处，又能给农作物带来养分，增加产量。利用河海大学水资源开发利用国家专业实验室的汉王野外基地一汉王试验站，选择以生活污水为主的奎河污水为灌溉水源，通过田间污水灌溉模拟实验，探讨了污染物质在土壤及地下水中的转化规律，为充分利用土地污水处理系统、科学地指导污水灌溉具有实际意义，为污灌的科学管理提供依据。     

兼氧—AB工艺处理屠宰废水研究

本文报导了采用兼氧—AB工艺处理屠宰废水(400—2000m^3／d)的工艺流程、工艺特性，运行中的微生物学机理与应用效果。研究表明，兼氯污泥以产酸菌为主，容积负荷0．5kgCOD／M^3·d，COD去除31．2％，BOD5／COD从0．65上升到0．73，A级污泥由原核生物组成，有较多的游离细菌，常有丝状菌，污泥负荷较高(4．78kgBOD5/kgMLSS·d)，COD去除53．4％；B级污泥以分枝菌胶团为主，原生动物(钟虫，累枝虫)，多且活跃，污泥负荷较低(0．73kgBOD5／kgMLSS·d)，COD去除54．7％。处理后的水质达到国家《GB8978—88》排放标准的要求。     

生油岩与火成岩的相互作用研究初探—有机酸对火成岩的蚀变及过渡金属对有机质演化的催化作用

在发育火成岩的生油层中 ,微生物和热解作用导致生油岩有机质形成有机酸 ,这些有机酸对火山矿物中的金属元素是一种有效的溶剂和迁移介质 ,特别是能促使其中的过渡金属活化和溶解。这样造成与火成岩共存的生油岩内过渡金属含量显著增加 ,一些过渡金属是有机质成烃演化良好的催化剂。同时火山和热液活动还能向生油层提供过渡金属元素 ,从而使与火成岩共生的生油岩油气生成量大大提高。