微乳液中2,4—二硝基氯苯水解反应的研究

研究了２,４－硝基氯苯在十二烷基磺酸钠／油／醇／水组成的Ｏ／Ｗ型微乳液中的水解反应。考察了烃,醇与表面活性剂的种类及用量,ＯＨ＾－浓度和温度等对Ｏ／Ｗ型微乳液中２,４－二硝基氯苯水解反应的影响。     

论双回路吸收塔及其循环浆液计算

双回路吸收塔运用于火电厂、烧结厂等的烟气脱硫系统。它具有传质效果好、脱硫率高、产生的石膏纯度高等特点,对于减少对自然界石膏资源的开发和保护资源上,具有很大的优势。通过对双回路塔的工作原理及其结构、性能特点论述,层层剖析,并进一步论证其循环浆液的计算方法。     

Historical and projected emissions of major halocarbons in China

The halocarbons studied here are chemicals controlled in the 1987 Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer and its Amendments, which have both high ozone depleting potentials (ODPs) and high global warming potentials (GWPs). These halocarbons are mainly used for refrigeration, air-conditioning, foam blowing, tobacco expansion, aerosol propulsion, solvent cleaning, and fire fighting. China ratified the Montreal Protocol in 1991 and has been implementing the phase-out of halocarbons since then. In this paper, the emissions of halocarbons from China were estimated for 1995–2024 based on the historical consumption, the country program for complying with the Montreal Protocol, and the sector plans for phasing out halocarbons. The results show that China's compliance with the Montreal Protocol contributes greatly to both ozone protection and climate protection.     

SBBR挂膜前活性污泥培养与驯化的研究

在序批式生物膜反应器（SBBR）挂膜前驯化活性污泥对养猪场废水进行生物降解实验。结果表明,在驯化期结束时,COD和NH₃-N的去除率分别达到85%和74%。对驯化过程中出现的污泥膨胀、上浮、泡沫等异常现象进行了分析,并提出了相应的解决措施。     

高速铁路动车组列车的噪声特性

测量了车速达250 km/h的高速铁路动车组列车不同距离、不同高度处的噪声,分析了其时间、频谱及空间分布特性,并与普通客运列车比较.结果表明,动车组列车噪声表现为较强的脉冲性,频谱较宽,为2 500 Hz内的宽频噪声,200 Hz以下的低频成分很强;不同高度处最大声压级随距离的衰减规律基本类似,但不同高度处频谱不同.     

温岭市制鞋业产排污系数的核算研究

针对温岭市制鞋业原料、工艺、产品基本相同的特点,筛选大、中、小3种规模的制鞋企业进行抽样调查.采用查询历史资料、票据核查、实地勘察和现场监测相结合的办法,收集相关数据,分别用物料衡算法和监测法核算制鞋业的产排污系数.随机选取3家企业对主要污染因子甲苯的产污系数进行验证.应用偏差在-11%～19%.     

生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺处理汽车喷漆废气中试研究

采用中试规模的生物滴滤-生物过滤组合工艺设备处理某汽车厂喷漆车间废气,研究了组合式反应器对废气的净化效果和2处理单元对污染组分的去除能力及微生物特性.该汽车厂喷漆车间废气中的主要组分为甲苯、二甲苯、乙酸乙酯、乙酸丁酯、丁醇、丙酮和甲基丙基甲酮.组合式反应器对废气中的污染物有较好的处理效果,但不同的污染组分在不同处理单元...     

序批式生物膜反应器去除猪场厌氧消化液中的总磷

针对猪场废水的危害和难处理性分析了温度、氨氮和COD对序批式生物膜反应器(SBBR)处理猪场厌氧消化液的除磷效果的影响.实验结果表明,(1)一定温度范围内温度升高不利于SBBR对厌氧消化液的除磷作用;(2)随着进水厌氧消化液氨氮浓度的增加,SBBR对总磷的去除效率从刚开始93.5%降到38.1%,氨氮浓度的升高不利于总...     

两段生物滤池处理城市污水厂恶臭气体中试研究

采用两段式生物滤池工艺处理山东某城市污水处理厂格栅间和污泥浓缩池散发的恶臭气体,研究了反应器的运行效果、污染物去除特性和微生物特性。该污水处理厂格栅间和污泥浓缩池逸散气体的主要成分为硫化氢、氨以及由甲硫醇、二甲胺、甲醇、丙酮、乙酸、丁酸和苯乙烯等物质组成的挥发性有机化合物。应用两段式生物滤池能够有效地去除这些污染物质,...     

Relationship between (210)Pb(ex) activity and sedimentary organic carbon in sediments of 3 Chinese lakes

This report demonstrates that organic matter was an important factor in lake sediment ²¹⁰Pb_ex dating. Sediment cores from lakes in central and western China with different-trophic levels were collected, and the ²¹⁰Pb_ex activity and total organic carbon (TOC) were measured. The Rock-Eval pyrolysis technique was used to deconvolute TOC into free hydrocarbons (S1), thermally less-stable macromolecular organic matter (S2a), kerogen (S2b), and residual carbon (RC). The results show significant correlations between TOC and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, particularly between S2a and ²¹⁰Pb_ex, in all the sediment cores. This indicated that the algal-derived organic component S2a may play the most important role in controlling the distribution of ²¹⁰Pb_ex. Scavenging by algal-derived organic matter may be the main mechanism. As chronology is the key to the understanding of pollution reconstruction and early diagenesis in sediments, more attention should be paid to the influence of organic matter on ²¹⁰Pb_ex.