Influence of coal ash on the concrete properties and its performance under sulphate and chloride conditions

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - This study investigated the influence of coal bottom ash (CBA) on the concrete properties and evaluate the effects of combined exposure of sulphate...     

服务业对资源枯竭城市转型的经济增长效应——基于23座地级市的面板数据

实现经济平稳健康增长是当前资源枯竭城市转型的重要目标之一,以服务业为驱动的发展模式对于提高经济增长、促进就业具有重要意义。基于2001—2018年中国23座资源枯竭城市面板数据,运用固定效应模型、门槛模型等探究服务业对资源枯竭城市转型的经济增长效应。结果表明：（1）服务业在不同时期对城市转型的经济效应存在差异,随发展水平提升呈现“促进—抑制—促进”变化趋势;（2）生产性服务业在不同时期对城市转型的经济效应存在“负向—正向—负向”演变趋势,生活性服务业随发展水平提升呈现“抑制—促进—抑制”的效应变动;（3）交通运输等传统服务业部门对城市转型的经济效应为负向,信息传输等高端服务业部门的效应为正向;（4）服务业对煤炭型和森工型城市转型的经济效应显著为正。     

Measurement of atmospheric nanoparticles: Bridging the gap between gas-phase molecules and larger particles

Atmospheric nanoparticles are crucial components contributing to fine particulate matter(PM2.5), and therefore have significant effects on visibility, climate, and human health. Due to the unique role of atmospheric nanoparticles during the evolution process from gas-phase molecules to larger particles, a number of sophisticated experimental techniques have been developed and employed for online monitoring and characterization of the physical and chemical properties of atmospheric nanoparticles,...     

重庆典型城区PM2.5生物标志物组分特征及源指示

于2015年10月~2016年8月在重庆大学A区采集秋冬春夏4个季节PM_2.5样品（n=77）,分析生物标志物（n-alkanes、UCM、藿烷和甾烷）组分特征,探讨季节变化和对来源的指示.结果表明,重庆沙坪坝区PM_2.5中Σn-alkanes （C₁₁~C₃₈）和UCM年均浓度分别为328.69ng/m³和2.52μg/m³,均为冬季最高,夏季最低.28n-alkanes PMF源解析识别出4个因子：化石燃料燃烧（23.45%）、化石燃料残留（29.1%）、生物质燃烧（21.35%）和高等植物蜡排放（26.1%）.UCM与可分离烷烃组分比例（U：R）为1.29~3.33.夏季U：R最低,可能是受温度和光照的驱使,微生物和植物的生命活动旺盛所致.藿烷Ts/Tm、C30αβ/C31αβ（22R）和C31αβ（22S）/（22S+22R）的年均值分别为1.15,5.26和0.59,指示以机动车尾气排放为主的高成熟度石油烃输入.甾烷C29αββ/（ααα+αββ）和C29ααα（20S）/（20S+20R）的年均值分别为0.40和0.53,主要指示高成熟度化石燃料残余物输入.PSCF分析表明,Σn-alkanes的潜在源区主要集中在四川东南部和重庆西部及其相接壤附近区域,UCM的潜在源区主要分布在四川东南部.     

具有双反应活性中心Cu-Al2O3-g-C3N4类芬顿催化剂及·OH选择性转化机理研究

采用水热合成法制备Cu-Al₂O₃-g-C₃N₄类芬顿催化剂,以扫描电镜（SEM）、X射线衍射（XRD）、X射线光电子能谱（XPS）、电子自旋共振（EPR）、拉曼光谱（Raman）对所制备的催化剂及反应过程进行表征.以染料亚甲基蓝（MB）和罗丹明B（Rh-B）及小分子有机物2,4-二氯苯氧乙酸（2,4-D）、双酚A（BPA）和苯妥英（PHT）为目标污染物,研究催化剂在初始pH=7条件下的类芬顿催化活性.同时,探讨Cu掺杂量和有机物配体g-C₃N₄掺杂量对体系催化性能的影响,并验证晶格氧诱发与有机配体络合两种方式对催化剂活性和稳定性提高产生的影响.DMPO-EPR自由基测定实验及Raman光谱监测催化反应过程验证表明：Cu的晶格氧掺杂诱发了靠近铜晶格O₂^·-的富电子Cu中心,以及靠近铝晶格O₂^·-的缺电子Al中心;引入的g-C₃N₄以阳离子π作用形式通过σ-型Cu—O—C键桥将π体系上的电子转移至Cu,形成一个新的缺电子π中心.在H₂O₂存在的情况下,富电子Cu中心将电子传递给H₂O₂,使其被还原为·OH;同时,体系中H₂O的电子被缺电子中心剥夺,进而氧化为·OH.羟基自由基转化率TOFs值的进一步计算结果表明,Cu-Al₂O₃-g-C₃N₄体系中TOF值为0.516 s^-1,是传统均相芬顿体系TOF值（1.53×10^-2 s^-1）的33倍以上.     

不同肥源条件下Zn对农田土壤N2O排放的影响及其机制

为探究锌（Zn）污染对农田土壤氧化亚氮（N₂O）排放的影响,分别以猪粪和尿素为肥源进行室内培养实验,对比分析不同含量Zn （0、50、500、1500和5000mg/kg）对N₂O排放的影响及其机制,并在培养第52d向所有处理再次添加尿素以探究其长期效应,共培养80d.结果表明：第1次添加肥料阶段,在尿素为肥源处理中不同含量Zn均表现为显著抑制作用（P<0.05）,而猪粪为肥源处理中除50mg/kg无显著影响外（P>0.05）,其它含量处理均显著促进N₂O排放（P<0.05）.第2次添加肥料阶段,不同肥源条件下Zn的作用规律一致,即50mg/kg无显著影响（P>0.05）,500和1500mg/kg显著提高N₂O排放而5000mg/kg处理与之相反（P<0.05）.此阶段500、1500和5000mg/kg处理以猪粪和尿素为肥源时其N₂O累积排放量与同肥源对照的比值分别为3.49、3.13、0.01和2.53、2.74、0.04,可见同等含量Zn在猪粪为肥源条件下作用更强,500和1500mg/kg Zn的促进机制为Zn提高了土壤中NH₄⁺-N、NO₃^--N含量以及控制反硝化过程N₂O产生和还原功能基因相对丰度的比值（nirS/nosZ）,而5000mg/kg Zn抑制了土壤中NH₄⁺-N进一步转化为NO₃^--N,从而降低了N₂O排放.     

New mechanism of FA in composted sludge inducing Cu fixation on Albite in open-pit mine soil

Fulvic acid (FA), typical organic matter derived from humification process in composted sludge, possesses the potential to remediate mine soils contaminated by heavy metals. To understand the cooper (Cu) immobilizing process in open-pit mine soil induced by FA, changes of Cu speciation in mixture of open-pit mine soil and composted sludge was tracked over 180 days. It was observed that the organic-bound and residual fraction of Cu increased dramatically with the corresponding decrease of Fe/Mn oxide-bound Cu in the first 60 days, then the organic-bound fraction decreased to about its initial proportion during 60-120 days, while residual fraction still increased, and the proportion of residual Cu accounted for over 85% and became stable after 120 days. To reveal the mechanism of FA inducing Cu fixation on Albite which is the main phase of soil primary ore, two groups of Cu adsorption experiments with and without FA were designed. With the addition of FA, the adsorption capacity of Cu by Albite increased by 1.55 times and the content of residual Cu in Albite increased by 7.7 times. It was found that the Cu absorbed in smaller Albite particle induced by FA formed a secondary mineral——Chrysocolla, causing increase of residual fraction of Cu. These results revealed the mechanism: FA was absorbed on the surface of Albite after complexing with Cu ions in the solution, and then it induced Cu into the interlayer and pore channels of Albite. The Cu in the Albite was immobilized by forming Chrysocolla finally.     

Drivers of microbial beta-diversity in wastewater treatment plants in China

As one of the most well-documented biogeographic patterns, the distance-decay relationship provides insights into the underlying mechanisms driving biodiversity distribution. Although wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are well-controlled engineered ecosystems, this pattern has been seen among microbial communities in activated sludge (AS). However, little is known about the relative importance of environmental heterogeneity and dispersal limitation in shaping AS microbial community across China; especially they are related to spatial scale and organism types. Here, we assessed the distance-decay relationship based on different spatial scales and microbial phylogenetic groups by analyzing 132 activated sludge (AS) samples across China comprising 3,379,200 16S rRNA sequences. Our results indicated that the drivers of distance-decay pattern in China were scale-dependent. Microbial biogeographic patterns in WWTPs were mainly driven by dispersal limitation at both local and national scales. In contrast, conductivity, SRT, and pH played dominant roles in shaping AS microbial community compositions at the regional scale. Turnover rates and the drivers of beta-diversity also varied with microorganism populations. Moreover, a quantitative relationship between dispersal limitation ratio and AS microbial turnover rate was generated. Collectively, these results highlighted the importance of considering multiple spatial scales and micro-organism types for understanding microbial biogeography in WWTPs and provided new insights into predicting variations in AS community structure in response to environmental disturbance.     

Mercury release behaviors of Guizhou bituminous coal during co-pyrolysis: Influence of chlorella

Co-pyrolysis of coal and seaweed can not only effectively decrease the carbon footprint but also improve the quality and output of coal pyrolysis products, however, the influence of seaweed on thermal releasing behaviors of mercury during co-pyrolysis process are still unclear. In this work, the chlorella and Guizhou bituminous coal were mixed and used to reveal the mercury release behavior during co-pyrolysis by the temperature programmed pyrolysis experiments, thermogravimetric and differential thermogravimetric analysis (TG-DTG) and thermogravimetry-mass spectrometry (TG-MS) methods, offering a sufficient explanation on the control technology of mercury pollutants in co-pyrolysis. The results exhibited that a large amount of reducing gases such as CO, H₂ and H₂O were generated in chlorella at the temperature range of 100-500°C, which was favorable for the transformation from oxidized mercury to elemental mercury, thus remarkably increased the release of elemental mercury in the raw coal sample. The mixed chlorella also significantly lowered the decomposition temperature range (from 400-600 to 300-400°C) of pyrite-bound mercury and decreased the decomposition temperatures of the pyrite-bound mercury species. Additionally, in the co-pyrolysis about 91.82% of mercury was released into the gas phase below 400°C and was 13.77% higher than that of in individual pyrolysis of coal.     

乙酸钠丙酸钠配比对A2/O-BCO反硝化除磷及菌群结构的影响

采用厌氧/缺氧/好氧和生物接触氧化反应器（A²/O-BCO）组成的反硝化除磷系统处理模拟生活污水,通过调节进水乙酸钠、丙酸钠的配比（乙酸钠：丙酸钠分别为1：0,2：1,1：1,1：2和0：1）,考察了系统对有机物的去除以及同步脱氮除磷的影响,同时通过高通量测序对比了不同配比下微生物菌群结构的变化.结果表明：乙酸钠丙酸钠配比对有机物和NH₄⁺-N的去除影响较小,对厌氧段有机物的消耗和TN的去除率以及磷的释放和吸收影响较为明显;TP去除率仅为50.3%~56.8%,需进一步优化系统的运行参数.当乙酸钠：丙酸钠=1：1时,厌氧段有机物消耗量最大,占有机物流入量的61.2%,厌氧释磷量最大（23.2mg/L）且缺氧吸磷率最高（71.4%）,而TN的去除效果则随丙酸钠含量的增加而增加.高通量测序结果表明：A²/O反应器中微生物多样性降低,混合碳源污泥中微生物多样性比单一碳源更丰富;驯化后的污泥中绿弯菌（Chloroflexi）和螺旋菌（Saccharibacteria）减少,变形菌（Proteobacteria）和拟杆菌（Bacteroidetes）增加.BCO反应器中Nitrospira和Nitrosomonas总占比为2.1%~31.4%,且抑制亚硝酸盐氧化菌（NOB）的活性,有利于短程硝化的实现.