Vertical distributions of tropospheric SO2 based on MAX-DOAS observations: Investigating the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer

Information on the vertical distribution of air pollutants is essential for understanding their spatiotemporal evolution underlying urban atmospheric environment. This paper presents the SO₂ profiles based on ground-based Multi-Axis Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (MAX-DOAS) measurements from March 2018 to February 2019 in Hefei, East China. SO₂ decrease rapidly with increasing heights in the warm season, while lifted layers were observed in the cold season, indicating accumulation or long-range transport of SO₂ in different seasons might occur at different heights. The diurnal variations of SO₂ were roughly consistent for all four seasons, exhibiting the minimum at noon and higher values in the morning and late afternoon. Lifted layers of SO₂ were observed in the morning for fall and winter, implying the accumulation or transport of SO₂ in the morning mainly occurred at the top of the boundary layer. The bivariate polar plots showed that weighted SO₂ concentrations in the lower altitude were weakly dependent on wind, but in the middle and upper altitudes, higher weighted SO₂ concentrations were observed under conditions of middle-high wind speed. Concentration weighted trajectory (CWT) analysis suggested that potential sources of SO₂ in spring and summer were local and transported mainly occurred in the lower altitude from southern and eastern areas; while in fall and winter, SO₂ concentrations were deeply affected by long-range transport from northwestern and northern polluted regions in the middle and upper altitudes. Our findings provide new insight into the impacts of regional transport at different heights in the boundary layer on SO₂ pollution.     

Assessment of potential soybean cadmium excluder cultivars at different concentrations of Cd in soils

The selection of cadmium-excluding cultivars has been used to minimize the transfer of cadmium into the human food chain. In this experiment, five Chinese soybean plants were grown in three soils with different concentrations of Cd (0.15, 0.75 and 1.12 mg/kg). Variations in uptake, enrichment, and translocation of Cd among these soybean cultivars were studied. The results indicated that the concentration of Cd in seeds that grew at 1.12 mg/kg Cd in soils exceeded the permitted maximum levels in soybeans. Therefore, our results indicated that even some soybean cultivars grown on soils with permitted levels of Cd might accumulate higher concentrations of Cd in seeds that are hazardous to human health. The seeds of these five cultivars were further assessed for interactions between Cd and other mineral nutrient elements such as Ca, Cu, Fe, Mg, Mn and Zn. High Cd concentration in soil was found to inhibit the uptake of Mn. Furthermore, Fe and Zn accumulations were found to be enhanced in the seeds of all of the five soybean cultivars in response to high Cd concentration. Cultivar Tiefeng 31 was found to fit the criteria for a Cd-excluding cultivar under different concentrations of Cd in soils.     

In_2TiO_5纳米带的静电纺丝法制备及光催化性能

以酞酸丁酯(Ti(OC_4H_9)_4)、硝酸铟(In(NO3)3)和聚乙烯吡咯烷酮(PVP-K30)为原料,采用静电纺丝技术制备了In_2TiO_5纳米带.利用X射线衍射(XRD)、扫描电子显微镜(SEM)、紫外-可见漫反射光谱(UV-vis DRS)和氮气吸附-脱附等温线(BET)等技术对样品进行了表征.考察了In_2TiO_5纳米带在光催化降解罗丹明B(RhB)、甲基橙(MO)、亚甲基蓝(MB)和左氧氟沙星(LEV)过程中的应用性能,研究了不同离子型物质、溶液的pH和MB起始浓度对In_2TiO_5纳米带光催化活性的影响.结果表明:In_2TiO_5纳米带具有正交晶系结构,禁带宽度为3.47 eV,比表面积为20.71 m~2·g~(-1),可应用于4种不同离子型物质的光催化降解,发现光催化效果与被降解物质的表面带电性质有关.在紫外光照射下,90 min,对MB的降解率达98.1%,其降解过程服从一级动力学模型.     

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentrations, compositions, sources, and associated carcinogenic risks to humans in farmland soils and riverine sediments from Guiyu, China

The concentrations of 16 priority polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons(PAHs) were measured in 23 farmland soil samples and 10 riverine sediment samples from Guiyu, China, and the carcinogenic risks associated with PAHs in the samples were evaluated. Guiyu is the largest electronic waste(EW) dismantling area globally, and has been well known for the primitive and crude manner in which EWs are disposed, such as by open burning and roasting. The total PAH concentrations were 56–567 ng/g in the soils and 181–3034 ng/g in the sediments.The Shanglian and Huamei districts were found to be more contaminated with PAHs than the north of Guiyu. The soils were relatively weakly contaminated but the sediments were more contaminated, and sediments in some river sections might cause carcinogenic risks to the groundwater system. The PAHs in the soils were derived from combustion sources,but the PAHs in the sediments were derived from both combustion and petroleum sources.     

1960~2012年长江三角洲地区雾日与霾日的气候特征及其影响因素

利用1960~2012年长江三角洲地区气象观测资料,对长江三角洲区域雾和霾的时空分布及其影响因素进行了分析.结果表明:长江三角洲地区雾、霾分布不均匀,雾日大值区主要分布在江苏省盐城中部沿海地区、安徽省黄山地区、浙江东部沿海地区,霾日大值区主要分布在以南京、杭州、合肥、衢州为中心的周边城市.时间变化上,城市化水平高的大城市年雾日数在20世纪80年代之前呈增加趋势,之后呈减少趋势;城市化水平低的小城市年雾日数也呈先升后降的趋势,但下降时间滞后于大城市.大城市雾日月平均分布冬季最多,春秋季次之,夏季最少,小城市雾日月平均分布呈双峰型特征,即春季和冬季较多.大城市和小城市年平均霾日数一直呈增加趋势且20世纪90年代之后差距变大.区域气候变化和城市化导致的温度上升,空气污染加剧导致的气溶胶增加,是造成长江三角洲雾日、霾日不同变化特征的原因,但它们之间的相互作用效应复杂,值得深入研究.     

氟碳涂料实验室循环盐雾试验后防腐蚀行为研究

目的 研究氟碳重防腐涂层在循环盐雾试验后的防护性能.方法 开展氟碳涂层的实验室循环盐雾试验,通过电化学阻抗谱、附着力、光泽、色差测试等方法对氟碳涂层的各性能进行分析表征,并使用等效电路图对电化学阻抗谱数据进行拟合,评价涂层在盐雾试验后的腐蚀保护性能.结果 循环盐雾试验1440 h后,涂层无失光、变色、粉化等现象,模值由...     

贝江浮游藻类群落特征及富营养化风险分析

为了解贝江浮游藻类的分布特征与水质状况,于枯水期和丰水期对浮游藻类群落结构的时空动态进行调查和分析.结果表明,贝江共检出浮游藻类6门29科48属74种,其中枯水期5门23科41属58种,丰水期6门26科40属59种,藻类组成以硅藻门、绿藻门、蓝藻门为主,硅藻种群全年占优势,主要有颗粒沟链藻、变异脆杆藻、二列双菱藻、双头菱形藻、简单舟形藻、梅尼小环藻、肘状针杆藻、窄异极藻和膨胀桥弯藻;藻细胞总密度两期差异较小,枯水期平均值为3.54×105cells·L-1,丰水期平均值为4.87×105cells·L-1.RDA分析表明,DO、高锰酸盐指数和氮磷营养盐是影响贝江浮游藻类群落分布的主要环境因子,贝江流域水质整体良好,处于贫-中营养水平,但氮磷浓度较高,农业面源污染是导致水体中氮磷偏高的主要来源.     

木质素降解及其对木质素作为陆源有机物指示计应用的影响

陆源有机物的归宿是全球碳循环研究的关键问题.木质素作为陆源有机物的重要指示计,在迁移转化过程中的降解(光降解和生物降解),对其指示作用产生一定的影响.本文简要介绍了木质素作为指示计的应用概况,重点综述了木质素降解的研究现状,总结了降解对木质素指示参数的影响,提出了修正降解影响的方法,指出多重示踪方法可以获取更加准确的信息,同时,对木质素降解的深入研究将进一步规范木质素作为指示计的使用并提高其应用价值.     

蛋壳静态吸附微污染饮用水中铁的实验研究

采用静态吸附实验考察了不同条件下废弃蛋壳吸附剂对总铁浓度为2.866mg/L的微污染饮用水处理效果的影响。实验结果表明,静态吸附总铁浓度为2.866mg/L的100mL微污染饮用水,当吸附剂用量为3.0g,介质pH值为5.0,吸附时间为2.0h时,铁的去除率可以达到98.81%。总铁浓度下降为0.034mg/L,达到了GB5749-85的标准。文章同时对吸附等温线等进行了实验说明。     

自组装纳米ZnO光催化二甲基亚砜废水实验研究

可生化性很差的二甲基亚砜废水严重危害了环境和人们的健康,目前寻求一种高效降解该种废水的材料尤为重要。利用自组装技术制备纳米ZnO材料是近年来研究的热点。实验由此入手,以NH2/SiO2为基底,采用分子自组装法在常温下制备出了ZnO/NH2/SiO2光催化材料,并利用此材料与传统sol-gel法制备的纳米ZnO材料在紫外灯照及有无通入空气条件下,对二甲基亚砜废水的降解效果进行了对比研究。结果表明,未通入空气条件下,自组装法制备的ZnO和sol-gel法制备的ZnO对废水的降解率分别为63.8%和34.7%;通入空气条件下,自组装法制备的ZnO和sol-gel法制备的ZnO对废水的降解率分别为70.9%和57.9%。结果表明,自组装技术制备的纳米ZnO在通入空气条件下降解难生化的二甲基亚砜废水效果是最好的。