D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附性能研究

通过树脂筛选实验,选用大孔强酸性阳离子树脂D006作为Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附材料,通过静态实验考察吸附时间、振荡转速、溶液pH和树脂用量对吸附效果的影响,并探讨了吸附的热力学和动力学性能,同时对树脂进行了再生实验。结果表明,D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的平衡吸附量可达20.98mg/g;D006树脂吸附Cd(Ⅱ)的最佳条件为吸附时间120min、振荡转速120r/min、溶液pH 2.9左右、树脂用量0.20g;D006树脂对Cd(Ⅱ)的吸附过程符合Langmuir方程,为单分子层吸附;准二级动力学模型能较好地描述Cd(Ⅱ)在D006树脂上的吸附行为,吸附的活化能为5.46kJ/mol,该吸附过程主要为物理吸附;于30℃下采用1mol/L硫酸对吸附后的D006树脂进行脱附,脱附率可达到96%以上,可实现对Cd(Ⅱ)的富集与回收。     

Biosorption of heavy metals from aqueous solution by UV-mutant Bacillus subtilis

To develop an efficient bio-immobilization approach for the remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil, a mutant species of Bacillus subtilis (B38) was obtained by ultraviolet irradiation and selection under high concentration of cadmium (Cd) in a previous study. In the present study, to check the applicability of this mutated species to the sorption and immobilization of other metals, the sorption of four heavy metals, Cd, chromium (Cr), mercury (Hg), and lead (Pb), on living and nonliving B38 in single- and multiple-component systems under different conditions was investigated using batch experiments. Rapid metal binding occurred on both living and nonliving B38 during the beginning of the biosorption. The sorption kinetics followed the exponential equation for living biomass and the pseudo-first-order Lagergren model for nonliving biomass, with r ² values in the range of 0.9004-0.9933. The maximum adsorptive quantity of the heavy metals on B38 changed with the solution pH, temperature, biomass dose, and ionic strength. The nonliving biomass generally showed greater or similar adsorptive capacities as compared with the living biomass and was not likely to be affected by the solution parameters. The bacterium had a stronger affinity to the cationic heavy metals than to the anionic one, and the equilibrium sorption amounts were 210.6, 332.3, and 420.9 mg/g for Cd(II), Hg(II), and Pb(II), respectively. The results of binary and ternary sorption experiments indicated that the metals with the higher sorption capacity in the single-component systems showed greater inhibitory effects on the biosorption of other metal ions in the multiple-component systems, but the sorption sites of Hg and Cd or Pb are likely to be different. The results of this study illustrated that the mutant species is a promising biosorbent for the remediation of multiple heavy metals.     

SBR单级自养脱氮系统氮素转化途径

利用氮素计量关系和批式实验研究了SBR系统中基于短程硝化的单级自养脱氮特性和脱氮途径。结果表明,SBR系统获得良好脱氮效果,TN最高去除负荷和去除速率分别达0.49 kg N/(m3.d)和0.20 kg N/(kg VSS.d);系统中82%的氨氮转化成气体脱除,10%的氨氮转化成硝酸盐氮。批式实验结果表明,SBR系统中的污泥同时具有厌氧氨氧化、亚硝酸盐氧化和自养反硝化活性,三者的反应速率分别为0.12 kg NH4+-N/(kg VSS.d)、0.04 kg NO2--N/(kg VSS.d)和0.03 kg NO2--N/(kg VSS.d)。综上,SBR系统中氮的脱除是短程硝化、厌氧氨氧化和反硝化共同作用的结果,产生的硝酸盐是厌氧氨氧化和硝化作用所致。     

强化混凝法处理煤气冷凝水

以包头钢铁(集团)有限责任公司高炉煤气冷凝水为处理对象,采用强化混凝法进行静态混凝沉淀对比实验。实验结果表明,当聚合氯化铝加入量为20mg/L、高分子纳米除氯剂加入量为2.0mL/L时,处理后出水SS小于10mg/L,浊度小于10NTU,氯离子去除率在80%以上,而且对废水中的其他离子也有一定的去除效果,出水水质基本接近工业冷却循环水回用指标。     

纤维素季铵盐处理活性染料废水

研究了纤维素通过季铵化反应制备的纤维素季铵盐(quaternized celluloses,QCs)高分子混凝剂对染料废水的脱色效果及机理,实验了它和无机助凝剂的联合使用分别对不同pH值条件下的活性染料废水脱色效果的影响。结果表明,在pH值为8至12范围内,QCs的投加对活性染料废水的脱色作用非常显著,无机助凝剂的投加对其脱色率的影响相对较小,但可以提高其脱色反应速度和脱色率。活性染料废水的脱色率可达98.53%,色度可达4倍以下。     

基于资源环境统筹下的“多规合一”试点建设—以河南省获嘉县为例

"多规合一"是一项从国家顶层设计推进的市县规划体制改革,河南省获嘉县作为全国28个"多规合一"试点城市之一,是欠发达平原农业区小城市的典型代表。本文深入分析了获嘉县多规并存的冲突与差异、资源环境与城市发展不协调的现实,同时在考虑生态环境空间约束与资源承载的前提下,突出生态环境的基本制约与保障作用,提出从底线控制、规模约束、环境保障三方面体现市县多规融合,从规划体系、标准数据、空间布局、信息平台、管理机制五个方面实现多规融合,并给出了多规融合调整策略。     

Novel Renewable Polyols Based on Limonene for Rigid Polyurethane Foams

Novel renewable polyols based on limonene were synthesized using thiol-ene “click” chemistry. These limonene based polyols were structurally characterized using wet methods (hydroxyl number, acid value and viscosity), gel permeation chromatography and spectroscopic methods. The results indicated that high yield of polyols from limonene based materials can be obtained using thiol-ene reaction. These limonene based polyols were used successfully for preparation of rigid polyurethane foams. These foams had regular shape cells and uniform cell size distribution. Thermal studies on these foams indicated that foams were thermally stable up to 250 °C. The glass transition temperature of the foams was higher than 200 °C. These rigid polyurethane foams had high compressive strength and the highest compressive strength of 195 kPa was observed. These foams have good physical–mechanical characteristics and could be suitable for all the applications of rigid polyurethane foams such as thermal insulation of freezers, storage tanks for the chemical and food industries, and packing materials for food industries.     

Occurrence of free estrogens,conjugated estrogens,and bisphenol A in fresh livestock excreta and their removal by composting in North China

An efficient pretreatment and analytical method was developed to investigate the occurrence and fate of four free estrogens (estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (17β-E2), estriol (E3), and 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2)), four conjugated estrogens (estrone-3-sulfate sodium salt (E1-3S), 17β-estradiol-3-sulfate sodium salt (E2-3S), estrone-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E1-3G), and 17β-estradiol-3-glucuronide sodium salt (E2-3G)), and bisphenol A (BPA) in three livestock farms raising beef cattle, cows, sheep, swine, and chickens in Qi County, which is located in North China. The results demonstrated that one cow and one beef cattle excreted 956.25–1,270.41 and 244.38–319.99 μg/day of total (free and conjugated) estrogen, respectively, primarily through feces (greater than 91 %), while swine excreted 260.09–289.99 μg/day of estrogens, primarily through urine (98–99 %). The total estrogen excreted in sheep and broiler chicken feces was calculated to be 21.64–28.67 and 4.62–5.40 μg/day, respectively. It was determined that conjugated estrogens contributed to 21.1–21.9 % of the total estrogen excreted in cow feces and more than 98 % of the total estrogen excreted in swine urine. After composting, the concentration of total estrogen decreased by 18.7–59.6 %; however, increased levels of BPA were measured. In treated compost samples, estrogens were detected at concentrations up to 74.0 ng/g, which indicates a potential risk of estrogens entering the surrounding environment.     

淮河流域近50年降水异常及其大尺度环流特征

根据国家气象中心整编的全国714站月平均降水量资料,运用REOF分析、Morlet小波分析、差值分析等方法,通过对淮河流域代表站点的选取,分析了1960～2009年淮河流域降水的趋势变化特征、周期特征,以及多雨、少雨年的大气环流异常特征。结果表明：（1）淮河流域年降水总量呈缓慢增长趋势,20世纪80年代初期由负距平转为正距平。冬季和夏季降水量呈显著增长趋势,春季和秋季降水量呈显著减少趋势,80年代前期为降水变化的转折期;(2)淮河流域夏季降水存在准3 a的显著振荡周期和准10 a的次显著振荡周期,同时在60～90年代还存在准6 a振荡周期;（3）淮河流域多雨年,500 hPa经向风偏强且范围广,850 hPa上从孟加拉湾经南海向华东地区的水汽输送明显偏强,在江苏、安徽地区有水汽的正涡度辐合区;少雨年,经向风偏弱,华东地区方向的水汽输送明显减弱;（4）多雨年与少雨年的500 hPa风场差值场、高度场差值场分析表明,多雨年贝加尔湖西部和鄂霍次克海地区阻塞高压活动频繁,东北冷涡异常活跃,副高偏强,3者共同作用使得降水偏多。500 hPa温度场差值场分析表明,多雨年中国东部、华北和东北地区冷空气偏强,同时南方大部分地区暖空气也偏强,冷暖空气共同作用使降水偏多     

四湖地区地下水“三氮”含量及时空分布特征分析

在4次地下水水质监测的基础上,对潜水和浅层承压水的“三氮”含量进行了季节变化和空间差异分析,同时探讨了时空变化的影响因素。分析结果表明：（1）地下水氨氮浓度超标率较高,承压水中浓度明显高于潜水,4次采样结果承压水氨氮浓度超标率均在50% 以上;（2）硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮含量在承压水中能达到良好的标准,在潜水中超标率高;（3）氨氮浓度季节变化明显,9月份浓度显著高于4、6和11月。硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮在潜水中6月份浓度最高,在承压水中季节变化不明显;（4）地下水氨氮含量空间变异性强,浓度较高的多集中在流经洪湖的内荆河两侧区域。研究区地下水水质受气象因素、农业活动、农村生活污染以及氧化还原环境的综合影响