Influence of aeration intensity on the performance of A/O-type sequencing batch MBR system treating azo dye wastewater

Among the numerous parameters affecting the membrane bioreactor (MBR) performance, the aeration intensity is one of the most important factors. In the present investigation, an anoxic/aerobic-type (A/O-type) sequencing batch MBR system, added anoxic process as a pretreatment to improve the biodegradability of azo dye wastewater, was investigated under different aeration intensities and the impact of the aeration intensity on effluent quantity, sludge properties, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) amount generated as well as the change of permeation flux were examined. Neither lower nor higher aeration intensities could improve A/O-type sequencing batch MBR performances. The results showed 0.15 m³·h⁻¹ aeration intensity was promising for treatment of azo dye wastewater under the conditions examined. Under this aeration intensity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), ammonium nitrogen and color removal as well as membrane flux amounted to 97.8%, 96.5%, 98.7% and 6.21 L·m⁻²·h⁻¹, respectively. The effluent quality, with 25.0 mg·L⁻¹COD, 0.84 mg·L⁻¹ ammonium nitrogen and 8 chroma, could directly meet the reuse standard in China. In the meantime, the sludge relative hydrophobicity, the bound EPS, soluble EPS and EPS amounts contained in the membrane fouling layer were 70.3%, 52.0 mg·g⁻¹VSS, 38.8 mg·g⁻¹VSS and 90.8 mg·g⁻¹VSS, respectively, which showed close relationships to both pollutant removals and membrane flux.     

水解酸化/催化铁耦合+A~2O工艺在镇江市新区第二污水厂的应用

镇江市新区第二污水厂采用水解酸化/催化铁耦合+A2O工艺,一期处理规模为2×104 m3/d,进水主要是新区化工园区的混合化工废水。文章详细介绍了该污水厂的工艺流程、相关设备及构筑物设计参数。运行结果表明,用水解酸化/催化铁耦合+A2O工艺处理混合化工废水,处理效果良好,出水水质基本达标。     

徐闻沿海风力发电场对鸟类的影响分析

建设风电场可能会对生态环境和鸟类造成一定的影响。以2003年徐闻县鸟类资源调查资料为基础,结合徐闻县风电场建设规划,研究了徐闻县风电场对鸟类栖息、觅食、迁徙的影响。结果表明:风电场建设通过占用鸟类栖息地,产生噪声等影响风电场周围鸟类的栖息和觅食,但总体来说,其影响较小;风机转速较慢及保护区鸟类飞行高度均高于风机高度,风机与鸟类的碰撞风险较低。为了保护鸟类的安全及保障其正常生存,需要采取设立候鸟监测救护站、将风机及输电线涂成警示色等措施。     

Methanotrophic community structure of aged refuse and its capability for methane bio-oxidation

Aged refuse from waste landfills closed for eight years was examined and found to contain rich methanotrophs capable of biooxidation for methane. Specially, community structure and methane oxidation capability of methanotrophs in the aged refuse were studied. The amount of methanotrophs ranged 61.97 103–632.91 103 cells/g (in dry basis) in aged refuse from Shanghai Laogang Landfill. Type I and II methanotrophs were found in the aged refuse in the presence of sterilized sewage sludge and only Type I methanotrophs were detected in the presence of nitrate minimal salt medium (NMS). The clone sequences of the pmoA gene obtained from the aged refuse were similar to the pmoA gene of Methylobacter, Methylocaldum, and Methylocystis, and two clones were distinct with known genera of Type I methanotrophs according to phylogenetic analysis. Aged refuse enriched with NMS was used for methane biological oxidation and over 93% conversions were obtained.     

苏州阳澄湖的浮游植物

阳澄湖是苏州地区重要的综合水源。从2004年3月至10月对阳澄湖进行了3次浮游植物的调查,共发现浮游植物8门83属211种(包括变种),其中绿藻门种类最多,有41属103种,占全部种类的48.8%;其次为硅藻门,有20属50种;裸藻门有4属29种;蓝藻门有9属16种;隐藻门有2属3种;甲藻门有3属6种;金藻门有3属3种;黄藻门有1属1种。并对该水体中浮游植物的季节变化、优势种、数量分布和群落结构特征进行了初步讨论。     

钻井平台石油污染法律问题研究——从墨西哥湾石油污染事件谈起

2010年4月20日美国路易斯安那州沿岸的一座石油钻井平台发生爆炸起火,11人死亡.底部油井漏油量从每天5千桶,到后来达2万5千至3万桶,演变成美国历来最严重的油污大灾难.海洋占整个地球表面积的71%,蕴藏着丰富的资源和能源,随着现代新科学技术的发展,海洋石油开采技术也日渐成熟,为缓解能源短缺提供了良好的解决途径,但同时也给海洋环境带来了问题.国际社会极度关注海洋油污问题,并进行了不懈的努力以减轻油污状况,改善海洋环境.本文主要考察针对海洋钻井平台的石油开采活动以及事故产生油污的相关国际国内法律文件,通过对相关法律文件的分析,揭示现有国内法律文件的不足,提出进一步完善相关法律的建议.     

生物膜法处理地表水研究与应用进展

介绍了目前中国地表水的污染概况,指出地表水污染情况依然不容乐观,主要污染指标为总氮和总磷,修复受污染地表水的主要方法为生物法,论述了生物技术中的生物膜法处理地表水的原理,总结并分析了国内外相关生物膜法处理技术及其优缺点,并列举了相关应用实例,最后根据国外河道整治的发展历程,对该技术的发展趋势作了展望,因生物膜-生态联合治理技术综合了生态系统方法及生物净化技术的优点,认为生物膜-生态联合治理技术将是今后地表水处理技术发展的一大趋势。     

HAZOP 分析在海上生产平台的应用

对HAZOP分析方法及工作流程做了介绍,结合在海上生产平台的应用进行了分析和探讨。应用实例表明,HAZOP分析是一项提高海上生产平台设计、建造和运行安全性的行之有效的方法。     

稀土元素与辣根过氧化物酶相互作用机理的论述

叙述了稀土元素的化学结构及其在农业方面的应用,系统介绍了植物辣根过氧化物酶(HRP)的结构及其在植物体内的功能,并以重稀土元素Tb(Ⅲ)为例,通过探讨其对HRP的酶活和生态毒理效应等影响的研究,对两者相互作用的可能性机理进行了研究。     

汶川震区典型泥石流形成特征及运动特征研究——以大沟泥石流沟为例

查明了大沟泥石流的发育情况及泥石流沟谷特征,从而确定了大沟泥石流的形成特征,以利于分析预测其发展趋势;并通过计算确定了汶川震区典型泥石流的运动特征,这些结论对于如何经济合理治理大沟泥石流具有重要的现实意义。根据以上结果针对大沟泥石流可以制定一套有效的防治措施,建议在现有防治措施的基础上增设三道重力式拦砂坝,并在治理后采取生物措施对其进行综合防治,采用工程措施与生物措施相结合的综合防治对策。采取生物防治措施可以起到拦截降水、调节径流、护坡稳坡、增强土体的稳定性和抗雨水侵蚀能力的作用。