我国非煤矿山安全生产现状、研究与发展

对我国非煤矿山的安全生产现状进行了系统调查,探讨了我国非煤矿山在21世纪开采条件的不利变化以及潜在的事故隐患,提出了确保非煤矿山的安全生产亟待开展的研究课题以及长远安全科技发展规划。     

行星传动起升机构飞车原因分析

建立行星传动起升机构电动机飞车的模型,计算电动机失电后各瞬间重物的速度、加速度,电动机的转速,从而分析事故的原因。     

循环经济在安钢焦化生产中的实践

焦化厂是高能耗、高污染化工企业,从管理、工艺技术、设备装备三方面进行创新,建立余热、废旧设备、水资源和污染物的回收循环使用,从而实现经济效益、产品质量、资源能源利用效率、环境质量水平的总体提高。     

易燃易爆危险品道路运输风险指数评价法

从火灾风险角度分析了事故场景的演变模式,基于道路运输泄漏事故概率和影响区人员总风险探讨了危险品运输风险指数评价法,并以实例分析.该方法可对运输危险品的潜在风险进行快速评估,有利于采取有效的安全预防和控制措施,降低运输泄漏事故概率和沿线影响区人员风险.     

考虑非达西渗流的天然结构性软土大应变非线性固结

天然软黏土的结构特性、大应变特性及低水力坡降下软黏土中的非达西渗流已渐被熟知。但同时考虑天然软黏土结构特性和非达西渗流的软黏土大应变固结理论仍鲜有报道。考虑非达西渗流和天然软黏土的结构特性对固结性状的影响,在拉格朗日坐标系中建立变荷载下软土一维大应变固结模型,并获得其有限差分数值解。在此基础上,与非达西定律下不考虑结构特性影响的软黏土大应变固结解对比,分析验证本文解的可靠性。最后,着重分析了非达西渗流、天然软土结构特性及外荷载对软黏土大、小应变固结性状影响的特征。结果表明:非达西渗流下土的固结速率相对于达西渗流延后,且非达西渗流参数越大固结速率延缓越明显,但其对土层最终沉降值无影响。相同非达西渗流参数下大应变固结速率快于小应变固结速率,但非达西渗流参数并不影响大、小应变固结速率的差异。当外荷载小于天然软黏土结构屈服应力时,土层在荷载作用下应变值较小,大、小应变固结速率的差异可忽略;随着外荷载的增加或结构屈服压力的减小,土层应变值逐渐增大,大、小应变固结速率的差异越明显。     

Boosting freshwater fish conservation with high-resolution distribution mapping across a large territory

The lack of high-resolution distribution maps for freshwater species across large extents fundamentally challenges biodiversity conservation worldwide. We devised a simple framework to delineate the distributions of freshwater fishes in a high-resolution drainage map based on stacked species distribution models and expert information. We applied this framework to the entire Chinese freshwater fish fauna (>1600 species) to examine high-resolution biodiversity patterns and reveal potential conflicts between freshwater biodiversity and anthropogenic disturbances. The correlations between spatial patterns of biodiversity facets (species richness, endemicity, and phylogenetic diversity) were all significant (r = 0.43–0.98, p < 0.001). Areas with high values of different biodiversity facets overlapped with anthropogenic disturbances. Existing protected areas (PAs), covering 22% of China's territory, protected 25–29% of fish habitats, 16–23% of species, and 30–31% of priority conservation areas. Moreover, 6–21% of the species were completely unprotected. These results suggest the need for extending the network of PAs to ensure the conservation of China's freshwater fishes and the goods and services they provide. Specifically, middle to low reaches of large rivers and their associated lakes from northeast to southwest China hosted the most diverse species assemblages and thus should be the target of future expansions of the network of PAs. More generally, our framework, which can be used to draw high-resolution freshwater biodiversity maps combining species occurrence data and expert knowledge on species distribution, provides an efficient way to design PAs regardless of the ecosystem, taxonomic group, or region considered.     

Effects of intercropping with floricultural accumulator plants on cadmium accumulation in grapevine

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) intercropping with floricultural cadmium (Cd) accumulator plants (Helianthus annuus L., Cosmos sulphureus Cav., Cosmos...     

Growth of Zostera japonica in different sediment habitats of the Yellow River estuary in China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The estuarine delta of the Yellow River is a region of strong land-ocean-human interactions that undergoes a unique evolutionary process. The delta is...     

In situ electron-induced reduction of NOx via CNTs activated by DBD at low temperature

• An in situ electron-induced deNO_x process with CNT activated by DBD was achieved. • Carbon atoms on CNT surface were verified to be excited by plasma in DBD-CNT system. • Reactions between NO_x and excited C result in synergistic effect of DBD-CNT system. In this study, a new in situ electron-induced process is presented with carbon nanotubes (CNTs) as a reduction agent activated by dielectric barrier discharge (DBD) for nitrogen oxide (NO_x) abatement at low temperature (<407 K). Compared with a single DBD system and a DBD system with activated carbon (DBD-AC), a DBD system with carbon nanotubes (DBD-CNT) showed a significant promotion of NO_x removal efficiency and N₂ selectivity. Although the O₂ content was 10%, the NO_x conversion and N₂ selectivity in the DBD-CNT system still reached 64.9% and 81.9% at a specific input energy (SIE) of 1424 J/L, and these values decreased to 16.8%, 31.9% and 43.2%, 62.3% in the single DBD system and the DBD-AC system, respectively. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were utilized to investigate surface changes in the CNTs after activation by DBD to explore the NO_x reduction abatement mechanism of this new process. Furthermore, the outlet gas components were also observed via Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) to help reveal the NO_x reduction mechanism. Experimental results verified that carbon atoms excited by DBD and the structure of CNTs contributed to the synergistic activity of the DBD-CNT system. The new deNO_x process was accomplished through in situ heterogenetic reduction reactions between the NO_x and carbon atoms activated by the plasma on the CNTs. In addition, further results indicated that the new deNO_x process exhibited acceptable SO₂ tolerance and water resistance.