Photo-degradation organic dyes by Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectrics

The organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds have emerged as one of the most promising photoelectric material for their superior optoelectronic properties and hold great prospects for renewable energy substitutes and environmental protection as photocatalysis. Here, we report the optical properties of the Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid ferroelectric materials: pyridine-4-aminium tetrachloroantimonate ((C₅H₇N₂)SbCl₄, sample 1), piperidin-1-aminium tetrachloroantimonate ((C₅H₁₃N₂)SbCl₄, sample 2) and tris(trimethylammonium) nonachlorodiantimonate (((CH₃)₃NH)₃Sb₂Cl₉, sample 3), which are a kind of exploited efficient photocatalysts. Samples 2 and 3 exhibit distinct photoelectric respond, which are mainly ascribed to their minor narrow band-gap compared with sample 1. For the ferroelectrics, the intrinsic of spontaneous polarization of sample 3 at room temperature is favourable for the separation of photogenerated electrons and holes within the photorespond process. Moreover, sample 3 shows the highest efficiency of photo-decomposed Rhodamine B (90.2% within 80 min) and Methyl Orange (MO) (97.4% within 50 min), thanks to the photo-excited electrons and holes promoting the formation of oxidative radical species during the photo-redox progress. These findings prove that the development of a novel Sb-based organic-inorganic hybrid halide compounds with good stability in the degradation of organic dyes paves a way to designing new photocatalyst.     

脱硫用煤基吸附剂的试验研究

进行了以煤为原料制备脱硫用吸附剂的实验研究，其中应用炭化与活化的方法，以对ＳＯ２吸附能力为衡量标准，系统地考察了样品在制备过程中不同温度，不同温升速率及时间对ＳＯ２吸附分离能力的影响，力求找出相应的最佳处理过程，并对机理进行探讨。     

新型活性炭固定化产品的制备及其处理焦化废水的特性

为解决优势菌种工程应用,研究不同固定化方法、载体和结构的固定化产品对焦化废水的降解特性。用活性炭粉末吸附菌种后,与聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠混合制备了新型固定化球;用聚乙烯醇和海藻酸钠包埋吸附菌种的活性炭纤维毡,与立体弹性塑料填料连用,制备出3种不同形状的活性炭纤维膜片固定化产品复合填料。将游离菌和制备的4种活性炭固定化产品投入A/A/O工艺系统平行实验,考察处理焦化废水的效果。结果表明,活性炭纤维膜片固定化产品复合填料对焦化废水的降解能力优于其他固定化产品:缺氧池出水硝酸盐氮和亚硝酸盐氮浓度分别稳定在1.96 mg/L和0.49 mg/L,未产生氮的累积现象,COD去除率可达到60.92%。好氧池COD和氨氮降解效率分别为78.83%和85.52%,苯酚、氰化物降解效率均为97%以上。     

Recovery of Cu and Fe from Printed Circuit Board waste sludge by ultrasound: Evaluation of industrial application

The paper presents a novel cleaner process for metal recovery from the Printed Circuit Board (PCB) waste sludge by assistance of ultrasound. The process can effectively recover heavy metals at low cost with high separation and recovery efficiency, produce high quality products and also achieve zero waste discharge with operation at industrial scale. With the PCB waste sludge containing (wet content) 3.14–4.85% copper and 3.71–4.23% iron, copper recovery efficiency of 95.2–97.5% and iron recovery efficiency of 97.1–98.5% were achieved, while the purity of copper sulfate produced by the process was 98.0% and the produced ferric chloride had a satisfied quality for using as a coagulant material for the plant on-site wastewater treatment. The process had been successfully scaled up to the industrial scaled applications in a heavy metal recovery plant in city of Huizhou, China for more than two years. The novel cleaner heavy metal recovery process has a great prospect on the applications of resources recovery and environmental protection practices.     

OilTech121便携式测油仪在突发性水污染事件中的应用

应用OilTech121便携式测油仪对某突发性水污染事件的小溪沟、长江水样进行石油类浓度检测,分析其石油类浓度沿程变化情况以及对小溪沟、长江水质的影响。结果表明,受含油废水的影响,小溪沟明显受到污染,入溪口d2石油类浓度高达24.9 mg/L,围油栏和吸油毡组成的拦截带对石油类的吸附处置效果明显,4道拦截带的油污拦截效率分别达到41%、34%、28%和18%,此外,长江水质也受到一定程度的影响,但下游水厂取水口水质未受污染,无需中断水厂取水。鉴于该仪器具有携带方便、操作简单、检测速度快等优点,并为判断拦截带吸附处置效率、水厂取水是否安全等重要决策领域提供了大量及时的第一手数据,建议在突发性水污染事件石油类浓度检测及预警中推广使用。     

超声波对污泥中SCFAs释放影响及作用效应研究

以剩余污泥为研究对象,考察了超声波处理过程中超声时间及声能密度对污泥中短链脂肪酸SCFAs释放的影响及其作用效应。实验结果表明,污泥中SCFAs的释放量随超声时间和声能密度的提高而提高,但当超声能量>270 J/mg MLSS后, SCFAs释放变缓甚至下降;在相同能耗下,长超声时间、低声能密度的超声波处理条件更有利于污泥SCFAs的释放,超声时间影响更显著;污泥中释放的SCFAs以乙酸及丙酸为主。在超声波释放剩余污泥SCFAs过程中自由基效应及热效应皆不显著,机械效应起最主要作用。     

壳聚糖改性红壤去除铜绿微囊藻

研究了聚合氯化铝铁和壳聚糖改性对高岭土、海泡石和红壤去除水中铜绿微囊藻效果的影响。结果表明,壳聚糖改性的红壤对铜绿微囊藻的去除效果最好,其生成絮体密实度大,抗扰动能力强。当改性红壤的投加量为50 mg/L时,叶绿素a和铜绿微囊藻去除率分别达到98.0%、95.1%。该絮凝剂适应性好,在pH为3.0~6.0的范围内对铜绿微囊藻均可取得很好的去除效果,对叶绿素a和浊度的去除率可达90%以上。壳聚糖通过包裹红壤颗粒,借助壳聚糖的粘结架桥和电中和能力,大幅度提高了红壤的絮凝性能。该絮凝剂处理富藻水,具有絮凝效果明显、絮体密实度大、投加量少、绿色环保、经济等优点,在工程上具有较大的实用价值。     

细菌SOD对微生物紫外光辐射损伤的恢复作用

将培养至对数中期的大肠杆菌、钝齿棒杆菌和啤酒酵母等３种微生物的细胞适度稀释液，分别涂布于培养皿上使受紫外光照射，在细胞受辐射后死亡率大于９０％时停止照射，立即加入一定剂量的细菌超氧化物岐化酶（ＳＯＤ），以观察ＳＯＤ对微生物活力的恢复效应．结果表明，ＳＯＤ可使受辐照的细胞存活率显著提高，且量效关系明显，而照前添加ＳＯＤ则无上述效应．检测表明，紫外光照射可引发细菌的超弱发光，且该种超弱发光可因氧气的充入而瞬间增强，鲁米诺也能增强这种超弱发光，加入甘露醇对发光无影响．当紫外光照射后加入ＳＯＤ能使发光强度大为减弱，表明此种超弱发光与的活动有关，并对ＳＯＤ拮抗紫外线杀菌的机理作了讨论．     

湖北省湖泊水环境化学特征及其与人类活动的关系

通过对湖北省近３０个湖泊水环境化学的分析，探讨了湖北省湖泊水质状况和湖水的化学稳定性，指出远离工业区和居民生活区的湖泊水质一般较好，城区或城效型湖泊在不同程度上受到了工业废水和生活污水的影响。控制，消除湖泊污染是今后经济、社会和环境建设不可忽视的重要工作。     

Environmentally friendly production of thiobencarb (Bolero)

S-Alkyl thiocarbamates are commercially available and widely used for their herbicidal properties. Despite the numerous methods for synthesizing these compounds, most employ toxic reagents that are harmful to the environment. Within we report a novel efficient one-pot process for the formation of thiobencarb employing readily available reagents. This method makes use of a trichloroacetyl chloride adduct and requires no complex starting materials. Furthermore, this process is efficient, proceeds in high yields, and utilizes several recyclable reagents.