HAZOP和LOPA方法在食品企业氨制冷系统中的应用

为评估食品企业氨制冷系统所处的风险状态,文章在HAZOP方法和LOPA方法理论研究的基础上,将其组合应用于食品企业氨制冷系统的风险评估中,以提前识别可能导致事故的原因和后果,确定现有防控措施是否足够、有效,并将风险控制在可接受水平。通过对氨制冷系统中低压循环桶液位过高场景的实例分析,得出该场景下的剩余风险基本在企业可接受范围内,不需要增加独立安全仪表系统的结论,为食品企业安全管理决策提供了科学依据。     

Estimating total species using a weighted combination of expected mixture distribution component counts

Environmental and Ecological Statistics - In this paper we present a weighted mixture distribution component counts (MDCC) approach for estimating total number of species. The proposed method...     

Implications of genetics and current protected areas for conservation of 5 endangered primates in China

Most of China's 24–28 primate species are threatened with extinction. Habitat reduction and fragmentation are perhaps the greatest threats. We used published data from a conservation genetics study of 5 endangered primates in China (Rhinopithecus roxellana, R. bieti, R. brelichi, Trachypithecus francoisi, and T. leucocephalus); distribution data on these species; and the distribution, area, and location of protected areas to inform conservation strategies for these primates. All 5 species were separated into subpopulations with unique genetic components. Gene flow appeared to be strongly impeded by agricultural land, meadows used for grazing, highways, and humans dwellings. Most species declined severely or diverged concurrently as human population and crop land cover increased. Nature reserves were not evenly distributed across subpopulations with unique genetic backgrounds. Certain small subpopulations were severely fragmented and had higher extinction risk than others. Primate mobility is limited and their genetic structure is strong and susceptible to substantial loss of diversity due to local extinction. Thus, to maximize preservation of genetic diversity in all these primate species, our results suggest protection is required for all sub‐populations. Key priorities for their conservation include maintaining R. roxellana in Shennongjia national reserve, subpopulations S4 and S5 of R. bieti and of R. brelichi in Fanjingshan national reserve, subpopulation CGX of T. francoisi in central Guangxi Province, and all 3 T. leucocephalus sub‐populations in central Guangxi Province.     

Progress in the ecology and conservation of giant pandas

Giant panda (Ailuropoda melanoleuca) conservation is a possible success story in the making. If extinction of this iconic endangered species can be avoided, the species will become a showcase program for the Chinese government and its collaborators. We reviewed the major advancements in ecological science for the giant panda, examining how these advancements have contributed to panda conservation. Pandas’ morphological and behavioral adaptations to a diet of bamboo, which bear strong influence on movement ecology, have been well studied, providing knowledge to guide management actions ranging from reserve design to climate change mitigation. Foraging ecology has also provided essential information used in the creation of landscape models of panda habitat. Because habitat loss and fragmentation are major drivers of the panda population decline, efforts have been made to help identify core habitat areas, establish where habitat corridors are needed, and prioritize areas for protection and restoration. Thus, habitat models have provided guidance for the Chinese governments’ creation of 67 protected areas. Behavioral research has revealed a complex and efficient communication system and documented the need for protection of habitat that serves as a communication platform for bringing the sexes together for mating. Further research shows that den sites in old‐growth forests may be a limiting resource, indicating potential value in providing alternative den sites for rearing offspring. Advancements in molecular ecology have been revolutionary and have been applied to population census, determining population structure and genetic diversity, evaluating connectivity following habitat fragmentation, and understanding dispersal patterns. These advancements form a foundation for increasing the application of adaptive management approaches to move panda conservation forward more rapidly. Although the Chinese government has made great progress in setting aside protected areas, future emphasis will be improved management of pandas and their habitat.     

基于水质水量的城镇污水处理厂工艺运行稳定性研究

采用四川省2座位于不同排水服务区域的城镇污水处理厂的样本数据,统计分析了日处理水量,COD、TN、TP浓度及负荷和C/N、C/P等统计量的累积频率分布规律,并分析了各统计量的分布特征对工艺运行稳定性的影响。结果表明,污水处理厂A进水污染物负荷的累积频率分布范围较大,其采用的周期循环活性污泥(CASS)工艺基本能适应进水水质的随机变化,但因存在碳源随机性不足情况,可能导致其脱氮稳定性降低;污水处理厂B进水污染物负荷的累积频率分布范围较小,虽然其采用的厌氧—缺氧—好氧(A2/O)工艺的调控能力较低,但也基本能适应其服务区域内进水水质的随机变化;2座污水处理厂的日处理水量累积频率分布与污染物浓度及负荷的累积频率分布之间均存在显著的差异,日处理水量的累积频率分布比较集中,而污染物浓度及负荷的累积频率分布的离散范围较大,这也潜在威胁到工艺运行的稳定性。总体来看,2座污水处理厂的处理工艺选择恰当,均能较好适应其服务区域的进水水质和水量的要求。     

Driver’s mental workload prediction model based on physiological indices

Developing an early warning model to predict the driver’s mental workload (MWL) is critical and helpful, especially for new or less experienced drivers. The present study aims to investigate the correlation between new drivers’ MWL and their work performance, regarding the number of errors. Additionally, the group method of data handling is used to establish the driver’s MWL predictive model based on subjective rating (NASA task load index [NASA-TLX]) and six physiological indices. The results indicate that the NASA-TLX and the number of errors are positively correlated, and the predictive model shows the validity of the proposed model with an R² value of 0.745. The proposed model is expected to provide a reference value for the new drivers of their MWL by providing the physiological indices, and the driving lesson plans can be proposed to sustain an appropriate MWL as well as improve the driver’s work performance.     

催化荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根

本文研究了在稀磷酸介质中，亚硝酸根对溴酸钾氧化中笥红的反应，建立了催化荧光法测定痕量亚硝酸根的方法，实验表明，亚硝酸根在０．０５－０．４０μｇ．２５ｍｌ＾－１范围内与ΔＦ成线性关系，大多数常见的共存离子不影响其测定。本法用于水样中亚硝酸根的测定，结果比较满意。