Structural and electrochemical properties of annealed La1-xYxNi3.55Mno.4Alo.3Coo.75 hydrogen storage alloys

The effects of the annealing and partial substitution of Y for La on the structural and electrochemical properties of La_1-xY_xNi_3.55Mn_o.4Al_o.3Cr_o.75 (x = 0, 0.1 and 0.2) alloys were reported in the present work. The single-phased CaCu₅-type structure was retained after La was partially substituted by Y. However, the increase of Y content leads to decrease of the lattice parameters and the unit-cell volume. The annealed La_o.9Y_o.1Ni_3.55Mn_o.4Al_o.3Co_o.75 alloys shows typical isometric microstructure, indicating that the composition segregation is improved by annealing. Y substitution for La in the alloys is effective to improve the electrochemical properties at both room temperature and high temperature. A critical substitution content of Y is found at x = 0.1.     

Decolorization of dye solutions with Ruditapes philippinarum conglutination mud and the isolated bacteria

Application of Ruditapes Philippinarum conglutination mud (RPM) for decolorizing synthetic dye solutions was studied. RPM showed good activity for decolorization of Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, Malachite Green, and Ink Blue. The amount of the RPM had great effect on the decoloration rate of the dye solutions. However, the decoloration rate did not continue to increase when the amount of mud exceeded the optimum dose. The temperature of the dye solution had a remarkable effect on the decolorization rate of Ink Blue solution, but had little effect on the other three dye solutions. The initial pH of the dye solutions evidently affected the decolorization rate of Malachite Green solution, but had less effect on the other three. The decolorization rate of the dye solutions increased significantly with treatment time within 8 hr, but tended to be steady after 8 hr for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet and Malachite Green solutions, and after 12 hr for Ink Blue solution. The decolorization efficiencies for the four dye solutions under the optimum conditions were all above 90%. Seventeen strains screened from RPM showed flocculation ability for kaolin clay suspension. Out of them, the flocculation rate of strain ZHT3-9 and strain ZHT4-13 were up to 88.14% and 86.01%, respectively. ZHT3-9 was studied, and its decolorization rate for Methylene Blue, Crystal Violet, and Malachite Green reached 90.02%, 89.21%, and 80.29%, respectively. By morphological, physiological and biochemical characteristics analysis and 16S rRNA sequencing, the strain ZHT3-9 was identified as Arthrobacter sp.     

Cadmium removal from wastewater by sponge iron sphere prepared by hydrogen reduction

A new type of sponge iron sphere (NSIS) with 1-5 mm diameter, made of concentrated iron powder and possessed high activity and intension, was prepared by mini-pellet sintering integrated with H₂ direct reduction. Static state experiment has been carried on to investigate the Cd²⁺ removal efficiency from wastewater by the NSIS and to explore the Cd²⁺ removal reaction kinetics. It was suggested that initial pH value and Cd²⁺ original concentration had significant influence on Cd²⁺ removal percentage. Cd²⁺ removal percentage decreased significantly with the increasing of Cd²⁺original concentration whether the original pH value be adjusted to 3.0 or without adjustment. The results showed that the Cd²⁺ removal process followed the first order reaction because the reaction order was from 0.803 to 0.996. The apparent reaction rate constant between Cd²⁺ and NSIS was from 0.0025 to 0.1000 (mg·L^?1)^1-n·min^?1. Compared with SIS reduced by charcoal reduction, NSIS deoxided by hydrogen possessed higher activity, and could remove the same quantity of Cd²⁺ within a shorter period of time.     

化学品测试合格实验室体系建设与发展

根据《新化学物质环境管理办法》要求,为新化学物质申报目的提供测试数据的境内测试机构,应当为环境保护部公告的化学物质测试机构,并接受环境保护部的监督和检查。拟通过借鉴国际合格实验室规范(GLP)基本原则和国内其他GLP认证工作经验做法,结合环境保护部已开展的检查考核工作和化学品测试实验室实际情况,探讨化学品测试合格实验室的管理现状和存在的问题,旨在为推动我国化学品测试合格实验室体系建设提供新的管理思路。     

交通拥堵对TSP排放的影响分析

在上海市杨浦区军工路部分路段采集TSP浓度、气压、温度、分车型车流量、区段车速、信号配时等数据,通过多元回归方法分析小型车交通量,大型车交通量,拖挂车交通量及区段车速对TSP浓度的影响,建立起TSP浓度与上述交通变量的函数关系,并通过AIMSUN交通仿真软件以及基础采集数据,建立军工路路网,模拟四种交通拥堵状况(重度拥堵,中度拥堵,轻度拥堵,基本畅通)的产生和消散过程。综合分析路段交通拥堵对道路TSP排放和分布的影响。分析整理得出道路TSP小时排放总量和拥堵程度成正比关系,且TSP污染主要集中在车辆拥挤怠速的部分,车辆拥挤排队的队尾部分是TSP排放源强最高、源强增长最快的区域,增长率达到240%～290%。     

污染底泥的原位钝化技术研究进展

底泥是湖泊重要的内源污染来源,关于底泥污染控制的研究近年来受到广泛重视。目前对底泥污染的控制技术主要包括原位处理技术和异位处理技术。原位处理技术主要包括钝化、覆盖、生物修复等。钝化技术是一种高效的湖泊内源污染控制技术,它通过抑制内源营养盐的释放来控制水体营养盐含量。文章综述了底泥原位钝化技术的研究及其应用情况;分析了原位钝化技术的特点及主要功能;介绍了常用底泥钝化剂的应用情况以及新型钝化剂的研究进展;并对原位钝化技术的未来发展进行了展望。     

诱导结晶磷回收技术处理低浓度含磷废水研究

诱导结晶技术是近年发展的新型废水处理技术。采用自设计的诱导结晶反应器,反应器形式与Phosnix相似,但结构相对简单,无Phosnix反应器的内外同心筒结构,并增加了过渡区。研究了HRT、[PO43-]、[Ca2+]/[PO43-]对诱导结晶处理低浓度含磷废水的影响规律,并以实验室双泥系统厌氧上清液为原水,考察了结晶反应器长期运行效果。研究表明,在一定范围增加HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]均可提高磷酸盐去除率,但超过一定数值后,再继续增加对提高磷酸盐去除效果的贡献很小,[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-]过高还会导致均相结晶出现,使磷酸盐去除率下降;研究给出了一定条件下的最佳HRT、[PO43-]或[Ca2+]/[PO43-];运行效果试验表明,诱导结晶反应器在进水平均磷酸盐浓度仅为23.6 mg/L的情况下,磷酸盐的平均去除率仍可达到55.2%,该技术在处理低浓度含磷水方面较具应用前景。     

稀土磁盘水处理方案技术经济比较

文章针对日照钢铁集团公司2150热轧水处理工程浊环水处理方案选择,对传统沉淀过滤法和先进的稀土磁盘法进行了对比和分析,稀土磁盘法在效果、占地、投资和运行维护费用上有较多优势,最终选用该工艺。     

燃煤电厂脱硫粉煤灰理化特性及排放特征

以徐州某电厂脱硫粉煤灰为研究对象,分别研究了脱硫粉煤灰的粒径分布、微观形态、矿物组成和元素含量4方面的物理化学特性,并在此基础上研究了该电厂脱硫粉煤灰颗粒及其中所含元素的排放特征.结果显示,该电厂粉煤灰颗粒物以拉径在3～45 μm的颗粒为主,数量占80％以上,并以表面光滑的球形颗粒居多,并含有少量表面附着小颗粒晶体的球形颗粒和表面有孔的球形颗粒,以及一些不规则颗粒,其主要的矿物组成是莫来石和石英.该电厂粉煤灰颗粒物的排放因子达到了1.95 kgt.粉煤灰的元素组成选取了Mn,Zn,Cr,Cu,Pb,Ni,Cd 7种元素,其中Mn在粉煤灰中的含量最高,相对应的Mn元素的排放因子也高,达到了125.04 g/t.由于该厂粉煤灰含有一定量的重金属元素,随意堆放和处理会对人体和环境产生一定的影响,因此必须做好粉煤灰的处理与处置,降低粉煤灰对人体和环境的危害作用.     

谈建设项目竣工验收监测质量控制

质量控制是贯穿环境监测全过程的技术手段和管理程序,文章通过对建设项竣工验收监测质量控制进行阐述,其目的是为了提高我们的监测水平和能力,更好的保护好我们的生态环境。