Chemical speciation and extractability of Zn,Cu and Cd in two contrasting biosolids-amended clay soils

An incubation experiment was conducted to study the chemical speciation and extractability of three heavy metals in two contrasting biosolids-amended clay soils. One was a paddy soil of pH 7.8 and the other was a red soil of pH 4.7 collected from a fallow field. Anaerobically digested biosolids were mixed with each of the two soils at three rates: 20, 40 and 60 g kg(-1) soil (DM basis), and unamended controls were also prepared. The biosolids-amended and control soils were incubated at 70% of water holding capacity at 25 degrees C for 50 days. Separate subsamples were extracted with three single extractants and a three-step sequential extraction procedure representing acetic acid (HOAc)-soluble, reducible and oxidisable fractions to investigate the extractability and speciation of the heavy metals. As would be expected, there were good relationships between biosolids application rate and metal concentrations in the biosolids-amended soils. The three heavy metals had different extractabilities and chemical speciation in the two biosolids-amended soils. Ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid extracted more Cu, Zn and Cd than did the other two single extractants. The oxidisable fraction was the major fraction for Cu in both biosolids-amended soils and the HOAc-soluble and reducible fractions accounted for most of the Zn. In contrast, Cd was present mainly in the reducible fraction. The results are discussed in relation to the mobility and bioavailability of the metals in polluted soils.     

为什么茅台镇的酒不等于茅台酒?

最近几年，市场上有一些白酒产品，利用“茅台”极高的市场信誉度和品牌价值，擅自以“茅台镇传世佳酿”、“茅台散酒”、“茅台某某酒”等相标榜，以致许多不了解情况的消费者被蒙蔽与误导，误认为是茅台酒的系列产品，与茅台酒是“一家人”。     

象山港网箱养鱼区海水营养盐变化研究

于 2 0 0 0年 1～ 12月分析了浙江省象山港网箱养鱼区的水质变化规律 ,结果表明 :网箱内NO3 - N、NH4 N、NH3 N和IN全年平均值均明显高于鱼排外 ;从全年平均值来看PO43 - P不超标 ,但 2月和 10月PO43 - P高于四类水质标准 ;IN含量在全年均严重超标 ,且网箱内的值一般高于鱼排外 ,尤其是由养殖鱼类排泄导致的NH4 N和NH3 N更是如此。     

改良型Carrousel氧化沟工艺生物脱氮除磷效果研究

为了提高改良型Carrousel氧化沟工艺污水处理厂的脱氮除磷效果，结合某污水处理厂3年的运行实践，讨论了该工艺的处理效果，生物脱氮除磷原理及影响出水效果的因素。分析表明将DO控制在0．3—0．7mg／L范围内，能够使出水中的TN浓度低于20mg／L；在氧化沟中发生的同步硝化反硝化反应（SND）对总氮的去除的贡献占总系统脱氮的66％；该系统剩余污泥的含磷率为3．0％，生物细胞中平均含磷量可达细胞干重的4．2％；总磷去除率与污泥龄具有很好的线性关系，加大污泥排放量可以提高除磷效果。     

试论环境保护的科学技术支持系统

本文从环境保护的科学技术支持系统分析入手,以环境科学研究对象和内容为核心,依据系统结构的内在规定性、环境科技的横断性、综合性和环境科学活动的组织规律,提出了支持系统的结构模型和科技队伍合理配置方案,可为环保科技结构调整、分流重组和能力建设所参考.     

基于WebGIS的西部生态环境信息服务系统的建设

结合西部生态环境调查积累的大量环境数据 ,围绕西部生态环境网上服务系统建设的实际应用需要 ,基于Web技术对西部生态环境信息服务系统进行了整体组织和设计 ,并对其实现技术、功能、过程等作了较详细的阐述。该系统可为公众和环境管理部门提供方便、快捷的生态环境信息。     

流域水电规划环境影响的经济评价指标与方法探讨

流域水电开发在带来巨大经济效益的同时,也大范围地影响了流域生态环境。因而,开展流域水电规划环境影响的经济评价具有明显的现实意义。从社会经济和生态环境角度出发,在分析流域水电规划实施后可能产生各种影响的基础上,构建了相应的影响因素识别矩阵,进而分别探讨了社会经济10项评价指标、生态环境9项评价指标及其相应的估算方法,以期为流域水电开发决策提供科学支撑。     

废水中有机物处理用吸附材料的研究进展

吸附法是一种有效的废水中有机物处理方法。文章综述了国内外相关的碳材料类吸附材料、高分子类吸附材料和矿物类吸附材料对废水中有机物的吸附处理最新研究进展。简要总结了各种吸附材料的优缺点,提出了今后吸附材料处理废水中有机物的研究发展方向。     

Source apportionment of PM2.5 light extinction in an urban atmosphere in China

Haze in China is primarily caused by high pollution of atmospheric fine particulates (PM_2.5). However, the detailed source structures of PM_2.5 light extinction have not been well established, especially for the roles of various organic aerosols, which makes haze management lack specified targets. This study obtained the mass concentrations of the chemical compositions and the light extinction coefficients of fine particles in the winter in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, using high time resolution aerosol observation instruments. We combined the positive matrix factor (PMF) analysis model of organic aerosols and the multiple linear regression method to establish a quantitative relationship model between the main chemical components, in particular the different sources of organic aerosols and the extinction coefficients of fine particles with a high goodness of fit (R² = 0.953). The results show that the contribution rates of ammonium sulphate, ammonium nitrate, biomass burning organic aerosol (BBOA), secondary organic aerosol (SOA) and black carbon (BC) were 48.1%, 20.7%, 15.0%, 10.6%, and 5.6%, respectively. It can be seen that the contribution of the secondary aerosols is much higher than that of the primary aerosols (79.4% versus 20.6%) and are a major factor in the visibility decline. BBOA is found to have a high visibility destroying potential, with a high mass extinction coefficient, and was the largest contributor during some high pollution periods. A more detailed analysis indicates that the contribution of the enhanced absorption caused by BC mixing state was approximately 37.7% of the total particle absorption and should not be neglected.