氨氮浓度对活性炭深度处理工艺选择的影响

在广东省北江水源佛山段水质深度处理实验中,采用活性炭(GAC)和臭氧(O3)-生物活性炭(BAC)深度处理工艺,比较了两者对不同进水浓度下氨氮的去除效果,并对前加氯预处理工艺于氨氮的活性炭深度处理效果的影响进行了分析.结果表明:GAC和O3-BAC工艺对突发性氨氮污染具备耐冲击负荷能力.低氨氮浓度下,GAC和O3-BAC对氨氮的去除率接近(约40%),并随着进水氨氮浓度的增大而增加.两者出水中CHCl3浓度均未超标,但O3-BAC处理后的浓度更低.基于GAC工艺处理成本低于O3-BAC,建议优先采用GAC工艺.高氨氮浓度下,O3-BAC工艺除氨氮效果显著优于GAC,消毒后出水中CHCl3浓度也低于GAC的情况,建议优先采用O3-BAC工艺.若使氨氮去除率达最佳,则合适的氨氮浓度范围是:对O3-BAC工艺:0.57～0.62 mg/L,去除率高于93%.在0.43～0.62 mg/L时,去除率高于70%;对GAC工艺:0.5～0.57 mg/L,去除率介于70%～76.3%.O3-BAC工艺的适用范围宽.在合适浓度的沉淀池出水余氯下,可以在O3-BAC工艺前采用前加氯预处理工艺.     

京津唐地区土壤类型和水系分异对微量元素分布的影响分析

本文研究了不同土壤类型微量元素含量的差异,并对造成差异的因素进行了分析。 文中讨论了:1)京津唐地区土壤微量元素的背景含量;2)土壤微量元素含量与土壤类型的关系;3)土壤微量元素含量与水系的关系。     

森林土壤退化及其防治研究综述

介绍了土壤退化的概念；从树种生物学特性、人工林植物群落结构和栽培措施方面探讨了森林土壤退化的机理；提出了防治森林土壤退化的对策。文章最后指出，应从多学科的角度深入系统地研究地力衰退的机理，利用遥感、地理信息系统等高新技术手段构建包括计算机模拟模型、林地指南、关键决策系统、专家系统等在内的不同的预测和决策工具，同时加强天然林的进一步研究。     

TC21钛合金表面涂层体系在多因素综合加速试验条件下的老化规律研究

目的 研究TC21钛合金表面防护体系(酸洗+环氧底漆+聚氨酯面漆)在多因素协同加速试验条件下的表面性能变化规律。方法 利用一台海洋大气综合模拟试验装置,在户内模拟热带岛礁海洋大气环境,对经历各个加速试验周期后的试样进行外观拍照、光泽度测试、色差测试、光学显微拍照、以及电化学阻抗测试(EIS),并描述相关变化过程。结果 5个周期的加速试验后,试样表面涂层的失光率和色差分别达到45.6%和4.36。涂层在0.01 Hz处的阻抗模值由初始的2.74×10¹⁰ Ω下降为6.21×10⁷ Ω。结论 经历5个周期的户内多因素综合加速试验的过程中,TC21钛合金表面涂层体系的防护效果呈持续下降趋势,但5周期后尚未完全失效。     

Influence of metal-contamination on distribution in subcellular fractions of the earthworm (Metaphire californica) from Hunan Province, China

Earthworms have the ability to accumulate of heavy metals,however,there was few studies that addressed the metals in earthworm at subcellular levels in fields.The distributions of metals(Cd,Cu,Zn,and Pb) in subcellular fractions(cytosol,debris,and granules) of earthworm Metaphire californica were investigated.The relationship between soil metals and earthworms were analyzed to explain its high plasticity to inhabit in situ contaminated soil of Hunan Province,south China.The concentration of Cd in subcellular compartments showed the same pattern as Cu in the order of cytosol debris granules.The distribution of Zn and Pb in earthworms indicated a similar propensity for different subcellular fractions that ranked as granules debris cytosol for Zn,and granules cytosol debris for Pb.The internal metal concentrations in earthworms increased with the soil metals(p 0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between soil Cd and Cd concentrations in cytosol and debris(p 0.01).Moreover,the soil Pb concentration significantly influenced the Pb concentrations in cytosol and debris(p 0.01),similar to that of Cd.The soil Cu concentrations was only associated with the Cu in granules(p 0.05).Soil Zn concentrations correlated with the Zn concentrations in each subcellular fraction(p 0.05).Our results provide insights into the variations of metals partitioning in earthworms at subcellular levels and the relationships of soil metals,which could be one of the detoxification strategies to adapt the long-term contaminated environment.     

水污染源在线设备比对监测问题与解决方案——以长沙市在线监测系统为例

总结了长沙市7年来水污染源在线监测系统开展比对监测工作的情况,对氨氮、p H、重金属比对监测存在的问题进行了剖析,分析了在线监测仪器比对不合格的原因以及目前在线监测仪器部分项目缺乏误差标准等亟待解决的问题,研究出各因子误差的合理区间,提出了切实可行的解决方案:氨氮应该按照检测浓度高低确定误差范围;p H质控样不应使用相对误差,建议采用±0.3 p H的绝对误差;重金属实际水样浓度小于一定量时,用接近水样浓度的低浓度质控样替代。     

岷江上游水电开发对环境的影响

岷江上游水力资源十分丰富，随着西部大开发的进行，它已成为水电开发的重点区域，干流及支流的电站建设加速进行。自源头至汶川上游河段，实行六级梯级开发方案。但由于岷江水电工程主要是涵洞引水式，原来奔腾的河流变成了地下暗流，使得岷江的多处河段变得干涸，河谷的自然生境和景观发生了很大的变化，原来的干旱河谷气候变得更加干旱。也使河流生物系统受到严重影响。作者在对长江上游考察的基础上对岷江上游水电开发现状及其对环境的影响进行了分析，提出应该进行流域统一规划，强化执法监督，水电开发与环境保护建设并重；加强上中下游统一管理，注重流域综合开发等建议。     

莱钢银前265m~2烧结机脱硫废水处理及综合利用

简述了烧结烟气有机胺脱硫及副产硫酸工艺,分析了废水来源、成分和水量,设计脱硫废水处理技术,实现了废水综合利用。每年利用废水6.8万t,降低烧结成本34万元。     

Alkaline ameliorants increase nitrous oxide emission from acidified black soil in Northeastern China

Lime and plant ash are common management used to achieve optimum pH for plant growth and improve soil properties in agricultural soils. Laboratory incubation was conducted to assess N₂0 emissions as influenced by different soil amendments (lime and plant ash) in a slightly acidic arable soil (pH 5.34). The experimental treatments consisted of CK, lime and plant ash fertilized with NH₄⁺-N or N0₃^?-N as nitrogen resource. The results show that lime and plant ash dramatically increases the soil pH and N₂0 emission. For N0₃^?-N fertilization, the cumulative N₂0 emissions from CK, lime and ash are 421, 1669 and 921 μg N₂0-N/kg, respectively. For NH₄⁺-N fertilization, the cumulative N₂0 emissions from CK, lime and ash are 361, 576 and 559 μg N₂0-N/kg, respectively. N0₃^?-N addition leads to more N₂0 emission than that of NH₄⁺-N addition, and lime increases more N₂0 emission than that of plant ash. After incubation, N0₃^?-N content decreased largely. The findings suggested that alkaline ameliorants increase N₂0 emissions due to enhancement of soil denitrification.