Influence of metal-contamination on distribution in subcellular fractions of the earthworm (Metaphire californica) from Hunan Province, China

Earthworms have the ability to accumulate of heavy metals,however,there was few studies that addressed the metals in earthworm at subcellular levels in fields.The distributions of metals(Cd,Cu,Zn,and Pb) in subcellular fractions(cytosol,debris,and granules) of earthworm Metaphire californica were investigated.The relationship between soil metals and earthworms were analyzed to explain its high plasticity to inhabit in situ contaminated soil of Hunan Province,south China.The concentration of Cd in subcellular compartments showed the same pattern as Cu in the order of cytosol debris granules.The distribution of Zn and Pb in earthworms indicated a similar propensity for different subcellular fractions that ranked as granules debris cytosol for Zn,and granules cytosol debris for Pb.The internal metal concentrations in earthworms increased with the soil metals(p 0.05).Significant positive correlations were found between soil Cd and Cd concentrations in cytosol and debris(p 0.01).Moreover,the soil Pb concentration significantly influenced the Pb concentrations in cytosol and debris(p 0.01),similar to that of Cd.The soil Cu concentrations was only associated with the Cu in granules(p 0.05).Soil Zn concentrations correlated with the Zn concentrations in each subcellular fraction(p 0.05).Our results provide insights into the variations of metals partitioning in earthworms at subcellular levels and the relationships of soil metals,which could be one of the detoxification strategies to adapt the long-term contaminated environment.     

莱钢银前265m~2烧结机脱硫废水处理及综合利用

简述了烧结烟气有机胺脱硫及副产硫酸工艺,分析了废水来源、成分和水量,设计脱硫废水处理技术,实现了废水综合利用。每年利用废水6.8万t,降低烧结成本34万元。     

Alkaline ameliorants increase nitrous oxide emission from acidified black soil in Northeastern China

Lime and plant ash are common management used to achieve optimum pH for plant growth and improve soil properties in agricultural soils. Laboratory incubation was conducted to assess N₂0 emissions as influenced by different soil amendments (lime and plant ash) in a slightly acidic arable soil (pH 5.34). The experimental treatments consisted of CK, lime and plant ash fertilized with NH₄⁺-N or N0₃^?-N as nitrogen resource. The results show that lime and plant ash dramatically increases the soil pH and N₂0 emission. For N0₃^?-N fertilization, the cumulative N₂0 emissions from CK, lime and ash are 421, 1669 and 921 μg N₂0-N/kg, respectively. For NH₄⁺-N fertilization, the cumulative N₂0 emissions from CK, lime and ash are 361, 576 and 559 μg N₂0-N/kg, respectively. N0₃^?-N addition leads to more N₂0 emission than that of NH₄⁺-N addition, and lime increases more N₂0 emission than that of plant ash. After incubation, N0₃^?-N content decreased largely. The findings suggested that alkaline ameliorants increase N₂0 emissions due to enhancement of soil denitrification.     

嵌入式碳纳米管电极差分脉冲伏安法测定湖泊沉积物中铅

制备嵌入式多壁碳纳米管修饰石墨电极（ESCFE）,利用循环伏安法研究铅（Pb）的电化学行为及反应机理,结果表明,铅在修饰电极表面出现了一对明显的准可逆的氧化还原峰,发生了2质子的电化学氧化反应。用差分脉冲伏安法研究了铅离子浓度与其峰电流的线性关系,线性范围为1．8×10^-7～1．0×10^-5g／L,线性方程为：ipa（μA）=0．12＋1．471c×10^6（g/L）,r=0．9999,检出限为6．0×10^-8g／L,RSD％为1．015（n=5）。利用本法对湖泊沉积物中铅进行测定,样品铅含量：0．218～0．6317mg／kg,RSD：3．3％～6．2％,加标回收率：94．3％-106．6％。     

高效菌种处理制药废水的研究

青霉素在其生产过程中排放出高浓度有机废液水,该废液COD浓度高,成分复杂,可生化性差,是环境工程领域的研究难题。文章提出一种高效菌种处理青霉素废水的技术,试验表明,用此高效菌种处理制药废水有较好的处理效果。     

直升机用橡胶密封产品环境试验技术研究进展

以我国直升机在恶劣环境条件下服役导致密封产品频繁发生失效故障为背景,对航空橡胶密封材料及产品的环境试验与评价技术进行了梳理总结。分析了橡胶密封材料及产品大气暴露试验、户外自然加速暴露试验等自然环境试验技术的发展现状,介绍了热空气老化、紫外老化、臭氧老化、湿热、低温、盐雾、霉菌及综合环境试验等橡胶密封材料及产品实验室模拟加速试验技术的作用机理及试验方法。在此基础上,提出了今后应在橡胶密封产品实验室多因素模拟加速试验技术、密封结构件环境效应数据积累和应用等方面加强研究。     

基于HJ-1A卫星超光谱数据的太湖叶绿素a浓度及悬浮物浓度反演

通过对2010年5月2日太湖HJ-1A卫星超光谱影像的几何纠正和6S模型辐射校正,以及水体实测光谱数据和影像光谱数据分析,将太湖28个水体采样点光谱数据分别进行归一化处理和一阶微分处理后,选取和水质参数相关系数最大的波段或波段组合建立反演模型,获得太湖叶绿素a浓度以及悬浮物浓度的空间分布图.研究表明,超光谱影像B73波...     

Biased sex ratio and low population density increase male mating success in the bug Nysius huttoni (Heteroptera: Lygaeidae)

Demographic factors such as operational sex ratio (OSR) and local population density (LPD) are temporally and spatially dynamic in the natural environment but the influence of these variables on male mating success and the mechanisms behind it are still poorly understood and highly controversial. Here, we manipulated the OSR and LPD of a seed bug, Nysius huttoni, and carried out a series of mating trials to test how these variables affected male mating success. The two demographic factors had no significant interactions, suggesting that they affect male mating success independently in N. huttoni. In this species male mating success was significantly higher in both male- and female-biased OSR than in even OSR. It is suggested that, in male-biased OSR, the increased intensity of competition and interference does not result in lower male mating success; rather, males may make more effort in courting and females may have more chance to encounter better males, resulting in higher male mating success. In female-biased OSR, females may become less choosy and less likely to reject male mating attempt, leading to the higher male mating success. Lower male mating success in N. huttoni in high LPD may be due to increased interference between males and/or delayed female receptiveness for mating. OSR had a stronger effect on male mating success than LPD in N. huttoni, suggesting that OSR and LPD affect mating success in different ways and intensities.     

抗灾体适能的影响因素及培养方法

本文以参与多次灾害救援的国家紧急救援队队员及专家为调查对象,通过问卷方式调查在灾害发生时及灾害发生后,影响抗灾体适能的主要影响因素。统计结果表明:影响抗灾体适能变化的主要因素有人们对灾害的认知水平,灾害发生时及发生后人们的心理适应能力、生理适应能力、体能水平及行动能力。在此基础上,提出了有效培养、提高抗灾体适能的方法与手段。即:减灾教育内容要将学生"该知道的"与"想知道的"相结合,通过演练演习等方式提高学生的防灾应急实际技能。     

Possible solutions for sludge dewatering in China

In China, over 1.43×10⁷ tons of dewatered sewage sludge, with 80% water content, were generated from wastewater treatment plants in 2007. About 60% of the COD removed during the wastewater treatment process becomes concentrated as sludge. Traditional disposal methods used by municipal solid waste treatment facilities, such as landfills, composting, or incineration, are unsuitable for sludge disposal because of its high water content. Disposal of sludge has therefore become a major focus of current environmental protection policies. The present status of sludge treatment and disposal methodology is introduced in this paper. Decreasing the energy consumption of sludge dewatering from 80% to 50% has been a key issue for safe and economic sludge disposal. In an analysis of sludge water distribution, thermal drying and hydrothermal conditioning processes are compared. Although thermal drying could result in an almost dry sludge, the energy consumption needed for this process is extremely high. In comparison, hydrothermal technology could achieve dewatered sewage sludge with a 50%–60% water content, which is suitable for composting, incineration, or landfill. The energy consumption of hydrothermal technology is lower than that required for thermal drying.