Selection and characterization of eight freshwater green algae strains for synchronous water purification and lipid production

The objective of this study is to select and characterize the candidate for synchronous water purification and lipid production from eight freshwater microalgae strains (Chlorella sp. HQ, C. emersonii, C. pyrenoidosa, C. vulgaris, Scenedesmus dimorphus, S. quadricauda, S. obiquus, Scenedesmus sp. LX1). The strains Chlorella sp. HQ, C. pyrenoidesa, and S. obliquus showed superiority in biomass accumulation, while the top biomass producers did not correspond to the top lipid producers. S. quadricauda achieved higher lipid content (66.1%), and Chlorella sp. HQ and S. dimorphus ranked down in sequence, with lipid content above 30%. Considering nutrient removal ability (total nitrogen (TN): 52.97%; total phosphorus (TP): 84.81%), the newly isolated microalga Chlorella sp. HQ was the possible candidate for water purification coupled with lipid production. To further investigate the lipid producing and nutrient removal mechanism of candidate microalga, the ultra structural changes especially the lipid droplets under different water qualities (different TN and TP concentrations) were characterized. The results elucidate the nutrient-deficiency (TN: 3.0 mg·L^–1; TP: 0.3 mg·L^–1) condition was in favor of forming lipid bodies in Chlorella sp. HQ at the subcellular level, while the biomass production was inhibited due to the decrease in chloroplast number which could further suppress the nutrient removal effect. Finally, a twophase cultivation process (a nutrient replete phase to produce biomass followed by a nutrient deplete phase to enhance lipid content) was conducted in a photo-bioreactor for Chlorella sp. HQ to serve for algae-based synchronous biodiesel production and wastewater purification.     

Q型类聚法在海域监测站位优化中的应用——以辽东湾为例

站位布设是海域环境监测工作的一个重要技术部分,是获取有代表性监测数据,为环境管理服务的重要环节。为了最高效地布设采样点,结合辽东湾的实例,利用Q型类聚法优化了研究区域的监测点位,由原来的29个水质采样点优化到22个代表站位,优化后的站位所表征的环境质量,与近岸海域环境质量等效,并比原常规监测站位更具有代表性。在提高采样效率的同时节约了监测成本。因此,研究近岸海域环境监测站位优化具有十分重要的现实意义。     

噻吩在双金属有机多孔材料Ni-Cu/BTC上吸附性能的研究

噻吩类硫化物的脱除是燃油能否实现生产超低硫清洁燃油的关键.本文研究了双金属有机多孔材料Ni-Cu/BTC吸附燃油中噻吩的性能.结果表明,Ni-Cu/BTC对模型油中苯并噻吩的吸附动力学过程满足拟二级动力学模型.Langmuir、Freundlich和Dubinin-Radushkevich (D-R)3种等温吸附模型均可较好地描述Ni-Cu/BTC对苯并噻吩的等温吸附行为(Freundlich>D-R>Langmuir).热力学参数表明Ni-Cu/BTC对噻吩的吸附是自发的吸热过程.     

三苯基锡和三丁基锡对大型蚤(Daphnia magna)的毒性作用研究

本研究测定了三苯基锡（ＴＰＴ）和三丁基锡（ＴＢＴ）对大型蚤（Ｄａｐｈｎｉａ ｍａｇｎａ）的急性毒性及慢性毒性,同时研究了环境因素（腐殖酸、硬度、酸度）对ＴＰＴ和ＴＢＴ的２４ｈ－ＥＣ５０的影响。结果表明,ＴＰＴ和ＴＢＴ对大型蚤的２４ｈ－ＥＣ５０分别为１３．３３ｕｇＳｎ．１＾－１和３．９１ｕｇＳｎ．１＾－１,慢性实验结果表明,ＴＰＴ对大型蚤的生长繁殖有一定的抑制作用。     

在役导管架平台的评估策略研究现状

海洋平台造价昂贵,所处的海洋环境复杂且恶劣,受到波浪、流、风、冰、地震以及疲劳、腐蚀、冲刷等时变因素的联合作用,检测和维修困难,事故后果严重,所以,为延长在役导管架平台的寿命而进行的评估研究存在许多难题需要解决。针对近海导管架平台评估标准、检测策略、构件校核、系统分析、维修加固决策和方法等,介绍了国内外的研究现状,并展望了将来需要进一步开展的工作。     

一氧化氮标准气体中二氧化氮杂质FTIR定量方法研究及标气质量分析

一氧化氮标准气体在我国空气质量监测工作中广泛用于氮氧化物分析仪的校准,标准气体的质量对环境空气中氮氧化物的测量结果也有着显著的影响。利用傅里叶变换红外光谱仪建立了一套精确测量低浓度二氧化氮方法,并对一氧化氮标准气体产品中二氧化氮杂质进行了测量。结果显示有少部分样品中存在较高浓度的二氧化氮杂质。进一步讨论了可能导致一氧化氮标准气体中二氧化氮杂质偏高的原因,及此种情况对化学发光法氮氧化物分析仪准确测量空气中氮氧化物可能产生的影响。为了准确校准化学发光法氮氧化物分析仪,应关注一氧化氮标准气体产品中的二氧化氮杂质的含量。     

Impact of freeway weaving segment design on light-duty vehicle exhaust emissions

In the United States, 26% of greenhouse gas emissions is emitted from the transportation sector; these emisssions meanwhile are accompanied by enormous toxic emissions to humans, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and hydrocarbon (HC), approximately 2.5% and 2.44% of a total exhaust emissions for a petrol and a diesel engine, respectively. These exhaust emissions are typically subject to vehicles’ intermittent operations, such as hard acceleration and hard braking. In practice, drivers are inclined to operate intermittently while driving through a weaving segment, due to complex vehicle maneuvering for weaving. As a result, the exhaust emissions within a weaving segment ought to vary from those on a basic segment. However, existing emission models usually rely on vehicle operation information, and compute a generalized emission result, regardless of road configuration. This research proposes to explore the impacts of weaving segment configuration on vehicle emissions, identify important predictors for emission estimations, and develop a nonlinear normalized emission factor (NEF) model for weaving segments. An on-board emission test was conducted on 12 subjects on State Highway 288 in Houston, Texas. Vehicles’ activity information, road conditions, and real-time exhaust emissions were collected by on-board diagnosis (OBD), a smartphone-based roughness app, and a portable emission measurement system (PEMS), respectively. Five feature selection algorithms were used to identify the important predictors for the response of NEF and the modeling algorithm. The predictive power of four algorithm-based emission models was tested by 10-fold cross-validation. Results showed that emissions are also susceptible to the type and length of a weaving segment. Bagged decision tree algorithm was chosen to develop a 50-grown-tree NEF model, which provided a validation error of 0.0051. The estimated NEFs are highly correlated with the observed NEFs in the training data set as well as in the validation data set, with the R values of 0.91 and 0.90, respectively.

Implications: Existing emission models usually rely on vehicle operation information to compute a generalized emission result, regardless of road configuration. In practice, while driving through a weaving segment, drivers are inclined to perform erratic maneuvers, such as hard braking and hard acceleration due to the complex weaving maneuver required. As a result, the exhaust emissions within a weaving segment vary from those on a basic segment. This research proposes to involve road configuration, in terms of the type and length of a weaving segment, in constructing an emission nonlinear model, which significantly improves emission estimations at a microscopic level.     

江苏省太湖流域大型底栖无脊椎动物完整性业务化评价指数构建

为支撑流域水生态目标的业务化管理,提高水生态监测和评价的可操作性,突破物种分类鉴定的技术瓶颈,以大型底栖无脊椎动物为研究对象,在江苏省太湖流域布设120个采样点,于2013年1—3月、7—8月和10—11月开展3次监测。以最小干扰为参照状态,对涉及物种丰度、物种多度组成、耐污能力和摄食类群的72个候选指数进行分布范围、判别能力及相关性分析,结合指数获取的便利性及物种分类的难易程度,最终筛选出3个核心指数构成大型底栖无脊椎动物完整性业务化评价指数,其中湖荡、河流和水库的指数为软体动物分类单元数、优势分类单元相对多度和BMWP指数,溪流的指数为ETO分类单元数、前三位优势分类单元相对多度和BMWP指数。经验证,业务化指数与环境梯度有较好的响应关系,且可操作性强,具备开展业务化应用的前景。但目前的流域水生态目标管理尚处于摸索阶段,技术体系还须在业务化过程中不断修正和完善。     

油烟道火灾事故模糊事故树分析

本文利用事故树分析法对饮食业油烟道火灾进行分析,结合油烟道火灾事故案例建立事故树.从模糊概率排序以及分级可以得到,饮食业油烟道油垢没有及时清理是导致火灾的最危险的因素.因此要对这个因素进行严格管理.     

调节好氧消化pH值提高污泥沉降和脱水性能

为考察调节pH值对剩余污泥好氧消化效果的影响,采用2个反应器,在不调节pH值与加入NaHC03调节pH≈7两种条件下进行好氧消化对比试验.监测消化过程中污泥TSS、TVSS、SOUR、沉降性及比阻的变化情况,结果表明:在两种条件下污泥均能达到稳定,消化30 d TVSS去除率分别为47.1%和49.2%.消化过程中调节pH≈7,TSS、TVSS去除率略有提高,上清液的浊度和COD降低,并且污泥的沉降、脱水性能改善,因而更有利于后续的处理.