以江苏省河流湖泊为例探讨基于物种与面积关系确定大型底栖动物最适及高效采样量

以江苏省河流湖泊为研究对象,选取不同水体代表性点位,运用多生境采样法和形态学鉴定获取淡水大型底栖无脊椎动物的物种数及对应的采样面积,拟合实际结果的物种数与面积关系对数函数曲线。所研究采样量包括采样面积值、样方及样带数。研究发现,不同水体点位最适采样量面积为1.45~12.75 m²,样方及样带总数为6~16个,其要求十分耗时耗力。为解决这一问题,以物种数与面积关系对数函数的一阶导数曲线y≈1值为临界点,提出"高效采样量"概念,并提出3条采样原则供讨论。同时得到江苏地区高效采样量:涉水可过河流采样面积为1.36 m²,涉水不可过河流采样面积为1.5 m²,不可涉水河流和浅水湖泊采样面积为1.75 m²,均需采集4个样方,1个样带。     

Complex effects of habitat amount and fragmentation on functional connectivity and inbreeding in a giant panda population

The relationships between habitat amount and fragmentation level and functional connectivity and inbreeding remain unclear. Thus, we used genetic algorithms to optimize the transformation of habitat area and fragmentation variables into resistance surfaces to predict genetic structure and examined habitat area and fragmentation effects on inbreeding through a moving window and spatial autoregressive modeling approach. We applied these approaches to a wild giant panda population. The amount of habitat and its level of fragmentation had nonlinear effects on functional connectivity (gene flow) and inbreeding. Functional connectivity was highest when approximately 80% of the surrounding landscape was habitat. Although the relationship between habitat amount and inbreeding was also nonlinear, inbreeding increased as habitat increased until about 20% of the local landscape contained habitat, after which inbreeding decreased as habitat increased. Because habitat fragmentation also had nonlinear relationships with functional connectivity and inbreeding, we suggest these important responses cannot be effectively managed by minimizing or maximizing habitat or fragmentation. Our work offers insights for prioritization of protected areas.     

Marked changes in biochar’s ability to directly immobilize Cd in soil with aging: implication for biochar remediation of Cd-contaminated soil

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - To investigate the change in biochar’s ability to directly immobilize Cd in soil, a successive wheat cultivation experiment was conducted. Three...     

Unravelling the effects of complexation of transition metal ions on the hydroxylation of catechol over the whole pH region

Catechol pollutants (CATPs) serving as chelating agents could coordinate with many metal ions to form various CATPs-metal complexes. Little information is available on the effects of complexation of metal ions on CATPs degradation. This work presents a systematical study of •OH-mediated degradation of catechol and catechol-metal complexes over the whole pH range in advanced oxidation processes (AOPs). Results show that the pH-dependent complexation of metal ions (Zn²⁺, Cu²⁺, Ti⁴⁺ and Fe³⁺) promotes the deprotonation of catechol under neutral and even acidic conditions. The radical adduct formation (RAF) reactions are both thermodynamically and kinetically favorable for all dissociation and complexation species, and OH/O⁻ group-containing C positions are more vulnerable to •OH attack. The kinetic results show that the complexation of the four metal ions offers a wide pH range of effectiveness for catechol degradation. At pH 7, the apparent rate constant (k_app) values for different systems follow the order of catechol+Ti⁴⁺ ≈ catechol+Zn²⁺ > catechol+Cu²⁺ > catechol+Fe³⁺ > catechol. The mechanistic and kinetic results would greatly improve our understanding of the degradation of CATPs-metal and other organics-metal complexes in AOPs. The toxicity assessment indicates that the •OH-based AOPs have the ability for decreasing the toxicity and increasing the biodegradability during the processes of catechol degradation.     

Mid-long term forecasting of reservoir inflow using the coupling of time-varying filter-based empirical mode decomposition and gated recurrent unit

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Accurate and reliable runoff forecast is beneficial to watershed planning and management and scientific operation of water resources system. However,...     

Effectiveness of predicting the spatial distributions of target contaminants of a coking plant based on their related pollutants

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The prediction accuracy of the spatial distribution of soil pollutants at a site is relatively low. Related pollutants can be used as auxiliary...     

Roles of oxidant,activator, and surfactant on enhanced electrokinetic remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil

Electrokinetic (EK) remediation technology can enhance the migration of reagents to soil and is especially suitable for in situ remediation of low permeability contaminated soil. Due to the long aging time and strong hydrophobicity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) from historically polluted soil, some enhanced reagents (oxidant, activator, and surfactant) were used to increase the mobility of PAHs, and remove and degrade PAHs in soil. However, under the electrical field, there are few reports on the roles and combined effect of oxidant, activator, and surfactant for remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil. In the present study, sodium persulfate (PS, oxidant, 100 g L^?1) or/and Tween 80 (TW80, surfactant, 50 g L^?1) were added to the anolyte, and citric acid chelated iron(II) (CA-Fe(II), activator, 0.10 mol L^?1) was added to catholyte to explore the roles and contribution of enhanced reagents and combined effect on PAHs removal in soil. A constant voltage of 20 V was applied and the total experiment duration was 10 days. The results showed that the removal rate of PAHs in each treatment was PS + CA-Fe(II) (21.3%) > PS + TW80 + CA-Fe(II) (19.9%) > PS (17.4%) > PS + TW80 (11.4%) > TW80 (8.1%) > CK (7.5%). The combination of PS and CA-Fe(II) had the highest removal efficiency of PAHs, and CA-Fe(II) in the catholyte could be transported toward anode via electromigration. The addition of TW80 reduced the electroosmotic flow and inhibited the transport of PS from anolyte to the soil, which decreased the removal of PAHs (from 17.4 to 11.4% with PS, from 21.3 to 19.9% with PS+CA-Fe(II)). The calculation of contribution rates showed that PS was the strongest enhancer (3.3~9.9%), followed by CA-Fe(II) (3.9~8.5%) (with PS), and the contribution of TW80 was small and even negative (?1.4~0.6%). The above results indicated that the combined application of oxidant and activator was conducive to the removal of PAHs, while the addition of surfactant reduced the EOF and the migration of oxidant and further reduced the PAHs removal efficiency. The present study will help to further understand the role of enhanced reagents (especially surfactant) during enhanced EK remediation of PAHs historically contaminated soil.

     

Perfluoroalkyl acids in dust on residential indoor/outdoor window glass in Chinese cities: occurrence,composition, and toddler exposure

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - The dust on indoor and outdoor surfaces of the window glasses were collected using sterile cotton balls in 11 cities from China. Two sampling...     

Artificial consortia of Bacillus amyloliquefaciens HM618 and Bacillus subtilis for utilizing food waste to synthetize iturin A

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Food waste is a cheap and abundant organic resource that can be used as a substrate for the production of the broad-spectrum antifungal compound...