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741.
The discovery of cell-free DNA (cfDNA) in maternal plasma has opened up new promises for the development of non-invasive prenatal testing (NIPT). Application of cfDNA in NIPT of fetus diseases and abnormalities is restricted by the low amount of fetal DNA molecules in maternal plasma. Fetus-derived cfDNA in maternal plasma are shorter than maternal DNA, thus leveraging the maternal and fetus-derived cfDNA molecules size difference has become a novel and more accurate method for NIPT. However, multiple biological properties such as size distribution of plasma DNA, proportion of fetal-derived DNA and methylation levels in maternal plasma across different gestational ages still remain largely unknown. Further insights into the size distribution and fragmentation pattern of circulating plasma cfDNA will shed light on the origin and fragmentation mechanisms of cfDNA during physiological and pathological processes in prenatal diseases and enhance our ability to take the advantage of plasma cfDNA as a molecular diagnostic tool. In the review, we start by summarizing the research techniques for the determination of the fragmentation profiles of cfDNA in maternal plasma. We then summarize the main progress and findings in size profiles of maternal plasma cfDNA and cffDNA. Finally, we discuss the potential diagnostic applications of plasma cfDNA size profiling. 相似文献
742.
743.
本文对自备发电站噪声污染综合控制进行了论述,拟出了有效控制措施。通过工程实例证明,自备发电站噪声污染扰民问题,能够得到有效的控制和解决。 相似文献
744.
Mei Li Yao Zhang Chenglei Pei Jinwen Zhang Chunlei Cheng Xiufeng Lian Mubai Chen Bo Huang Zhong Fu Zhen Zhou 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,35(2):806-822
The real-time detection of the mixing states of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and nitro-PAHs in ambient particles is of great significance for analyzing the source, aging process, and health effects of PAHs and nitro-PAHs; yet there is still few effective technology to achieve this type of detection. In this study, 11 types of PAH and nitro-PAH standard samples were analyzed using a high performance-single particle aerosol mass spectrometer (HP-SPAMS) in lab studies. The identification principles ‘parent ions’ and ‘mass-to-charge (m/z) = 77’ of each compound were obtained in this study. It was found that different laser energies did not affect the identification of the parent ions. The comparative experiments of ambient atmospheric particles, cooking and biomass burning emitted particles with and without the addition of PAHs were conducted and ruled out the interferences from primary and secondary organics on the identification of PAHs. Besides, the reliability of the characteristic ions extraction method was evaluated through the comparative study of similarity algorithm and deep learning algorithm. In addition, the real PAH-containing particles from vehicle exhaust emissions and ambient particles were also analyzed. This study improves the ability of single particle mass spectrometry technology to detect PAHs and nitro-PAHs, and HP-SPAMS was superior to SPAMS for detecting single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs. This study provides support for subsequent ambient observations to identify the characteristic spectrum of single particles containing PAHs and nitro-PAHs. 相似文献
745.
选取2017—2018年佛山市空气质量监测资料、地面气象观测资料和ECMWF再分析资料,得到对臭氧污染天气具有指示意义的气象因子,从GRAPES模式可预报性出发构建适用于佛山市干季和湿季的臭氧污染气象指数(OWI),并对OWI进行预报评估检验.结果表明:干季地面气象要素对区分佛山市臭氧污染和清洁天气的能力更强,出现臭氧污染时往往气温高、地面为弱北风;850 hPa风速较小,高空主要受副热带高压影响.湿季高空气象要素区分臭氧污染和清洁天气的能力更强,出现臭氧污染时往往850 hPa风速较小,850 hPa与地面风场垂直切变较小,多数情况下500 hPa呈辐散形势或700 hPa为下沉运动.综合考虑上述要素构建的臭氧污染气象指数可较好地反映臭氧浓度变化趋势,当OWI超过阈值(干季12.0、湿季10.8)时,出现臭氧污染事件的可能性较大,在湿季该指数区分臭氧清洁天气和污染天气的差异性较干季更显著.基于GRAPES模式预报的OWI与臭氧浓度实况呈正相关关系,相关系数在0.5~0.6之间,能较为有效地预判臭氧污染过程发生、发展和消散的不同阶段;其阈值具有较高的预报参考性,24 h预报性能尤为理想... 相似文献
746.
Junhua Li Shangchao Xiong Jianjun Chen Hao Liu Wenzhe Si Yue Peng Xuecheng Wu Huan Liu 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2023,123(1):400-416
In most of the world's building material industries, the control of flue gas pollutants mainly focuses on a single pollutant. However, given the large capacity and high contribution of China's building materials industry to global air pollution, the need to develop multi-pollutant emission reduction technology is urgent. Recently, China has focused on reducing the emissions of flue gas pollutants in the building materials industry, established many key research and development projects, and gradually implemented more stringent pollutant emission limits. This project focuses on the most recent advances in flue gas emission control technology in China's building materials industry, including denitration, dust removal, desulfurization, synergistic multi-pollutant emission reduction, and the construction of pilot research and demonstration projects for pollutant removal in several building material industries. On this basis, revised pollutant limits in flue gas emitted in China's building material industry are proposed. 相似文献
747.
株洲市工业区大气中SO2转化速率的研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
在湖南省株洲市工业区的下风向布点,同时测定大气中SO2的浓度、TSP和<0.25μm细粒子中SO2-4的浓度.结果表明,大气中SO2浓度随着离污染源距离的增加迅速下降,和SO2相比,颗粒物中SO2-4浓度随距离的增加而降低的程度要慢得多.同步测定的SO2浓度和细粒子SO2-4浓度有显著的相关关系.根据风向、风速和新产生的细粒子中的SO2-4浓度及大气中SO2的浓度计算了株洲教育学院处SO2的转化速率,春季湿度大,SO2转化速率也大,为4.8%/h,秋季湿度小,SO2的转化速率变低,为1.5%/h.春季中路铺SO2转化速率为3.1%/h. 相似文献
748.
749.
室内培养底栖端足类日本大螯蜚饵料研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
本文在实验条件下探讨了5种饵料对海洋底栖端足类日本大螯蜚的培养效果。实验指标为存活率,生长速度,日增长率和发育状况。结果表明,青岛大扁藻与新月菱形藻1:1混合液的培养效果最佳,合成饲料是较好的补充饵料,螺旋藻粉不宜作为日本大螯蜚的培养饵料。动物性饵料培养效果不如植物性饵料,但对日本大螯蜚的早期快速成长具有一定的促进作用。 相似文献
750.
针对我国煤中硫分赋存状况,抓源头治理,分别对高硫煤,中硫煤和低硫煤采取不同对策,切实有效地实现“两控区”2000年的初期目标。 相似文献