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821.
采用驯化SBR法来处理明胶生产工序段的磷钙水,研究了该法的可行性及污泥活性抑制后的恢复措施。结果表明:驯化SBR法处理磷钙废水有一定的处理效果,COD去除率最高可达88%,除磷效果明显,24h去除率维持在85%;反应器运行7~8天后,污泥活性受高氯根和碳酸钙的积累而被抑制,经更换部分污泥和添加低浓度废水等措施,可使污泥生物活性得到恢复。 相似文献
822.
Lake Taihu, a large, shallow hypertrophic freshwater lake in eastern China, has experienced lake-wide toxic cyanobacterial blooms annually during summer season in the past decades. Spatial changes in the abundance of hepatotoxin microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations were investigated in the lake in August of 2009 and 2010. To monitor the densities of the total Microcystis population and the potential microcystin-producing subpopulation, we used a quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) and the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyD), respectively. On the basis of quantification by real-time PCR analysis, the abundance of potential toxic Microcystis genotypes and the ratio of the mcyD subpopulation to the total Microcystis varied significantly, from 4.08× 104 to 5.22× 107 copies/mL, from 5.7% to 65.8%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between chlorophyll-a, toxic Microcystis and total Microcystis; the abundance of toxic Microcystis correlated positively with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations, but negatively with TN:TP ratio and nitrate concentrations. Meanwhile the proportion of potential toxic genotypes within Microcystis population showed positive correlation with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations. Our data suggest that increased phosphorus loading may be a significant factor promoting the occurrence of toxic Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu. 相似文献
823.
824.
随着社会的发展和人民物质生活水平的提高,人们更加注意身体健康,因而饮水安全也倍受关注。本文就离子色谱在环境监测中的应用和锦州市饮用水监测数据图表,集中阐述了环境监测工作对人们饮水安全保障所作的努力。 相似文献
825.
为了开发除磷填料,以红壤为基本材料,并以烧结温度、粉煤灰添加量、外加剂A用量和外加剂B用量作为4个因素设计正交实验,制造了不同配方的红壤烧结填料,进行等温吸附实验并利用Langmuir模型拟合最大吸磷量进行比较。结果表明,通过烧结可使粉末状红壤成型,同时提高了其除磷能力;对填料理论吸磷量的影响因素主次顺序为外加剂B用量、外加剂A用量、粉煤灰用量及烧结温度;通过比较理论吸附量,同时考虑到成本,可以确定正交实验结果中较优填料配方组成为(重量比):61%红壤,30%粉煤灰,0%外加剂A,9%外加剂B,烧结温度1150℃,其最大理论的磷吸附量2.274mg/cm^2,单位除磷原料成本约0.047元/g. 相似文献
826.
Here we report N2O emission results for freshwater marshes isolated from human activities at the Sanjiang Experimental Station of Marsh Wetland
Ecology in northeastern China. These results are important for us to understand N2O emission in natural processes in undisturbed freshwater marsh. Two adjacent plots of Deyeuxia angustifolia freshwater marsh with different water regimes, i.e., seasonally waterlogged (SW) and not- waterlogged (NW), were chosen for
gas sampling, and soil and biomass studies. Emissions of N2O from NW plots were obviously higher than from the SW plots. Daily maximum N2O flux was observed at 13 o′clock and the seasonal maximum occurred in end July to early August. The annual average N2O emissions from the NW marsh were 4.45 μg m−2 h−1 in 2002 and 6.85 μg m−2 h−1 in 2003 during growing season. The SW marsh was overall a sink for N2O with corresponding annual emissions of −1.00 μg m−2 h−1 for 2002 and −0.76 μg m−2 h−1 for 2003. There were significant correlations between N2O fluxes and temperatures of both air and 5-cm-depth soil. The range of soil redox potential 200–400 mV appeared to be optimum
for N2O flux. Besides temperature and plant biomass, the freeze–thaw process is also an important factor for N2O emission burst. Our results show that the freshwater marsh isolated from human activity in northeastern China is not a major
source of N2O. 相似文献
827.
建立自然保护地是保护生物多样性最直接、有效的方法,评估自然保护地的保护成效是“2020年全球生物多样性目标”的关键要求之一. 本文提出了基于目标对照样本的自然保护地保护成效评估方法,并以梵净山国家级自然保护区核心区内的梵净山冷杉(Abies fanjingshanensis)群落样地为示范,以梵净山冷杉近熟群落样地为评估试验样本,以相似生境因子背景下的梵净山冷杉成熟群落样地为目标对照样本,通过比较两个样本下梵净山冷杉的平均胸径与重要值、生态位宽度及群落的物种多样性指数等指标的年际变化及其差异,以评估梵净山保护区对梵净山冷杉近熟群落样地的保护成效. 结果表明:①2006—2011年,评估试验样本中梵净山冷杉的平均胸径与重要值随年际变化均表现为极显著增加(P < 0.01),而目标对照样本内梵净山冷杉的平均胸径与重要值表现为显著增加(P < 0.05);其中评估试验样本中重要值增加了29.18%,高于目标对照样本中的增加程度(10.27%). ②评估试验样本中梵净山冷杉的生态位宽度值显著高于目标对照样本(P < 0.05). ③评估试验样本中梵净山冷杉所在群落的Shannon多样性指数值、Margalef丰富度指数值及Patrick丰富度指数值均显著高于目标对照样本(P < 0.05). 研究显示:保护区对梵净山冷杉近熟群落样地的保护效果较好,多数指标值及其变化值均显著高于目标对照样本;通过设定目标对照样本以反映评估对象现状与目标之间的差异,能够更加准确地评判自然保护地对保护对象的保护成效,进而提出更有针对性的管护措施. 相似文献
828.
The photocatalytic degradation performance of photocatalysts TiO2 supported on 13-X, Na-Y, 4A zeolites with different loading content was evaluated using the photocatalytic oxidation of dyes direct fast scarlet 4BS and acid red 3B in aqueous medium. The results showed that the best reaction dosage of TiO2-zeolite catalysts is about 2 g/l and the photocatalytic kinetics follows first order for all supported catalysts. The photocatalytic activity order of the three series catalysts is 13X type >Y type >4A type. The physical state of titanium dioxide on the supports is evaluated by X-ray photoelectron spectra (XPS), powder X-ray diffraction (XRD), BET, and FTIR. 相似文献
829.
830.
Low bone density and renal dysfunction following environmental cadmium exposure in China 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
This paper presents the main findings of a study on health effects of environmental cadmium pollution in China, performed in 1998, i.e. approximately 25 years after the first warnings of such effects were published in Ambio. Forearm bone mineral density (BMD) and renal dysfunction were assessed in population groups exposed to cadmium via rice. Decreased BMD was found in postmenopausal women with elevated urinary cadmium (CdU) or cadmium in blood (CdB) and among men with elevated CdB. Also, clear and statistically significant dose-effect and dose-response relationships were found between CdB or CdU and renal dysfunction (increased excretion of retinol-binding protein). This is the first report of bone effects among Cd-exposed population groups in Asia outside Japan. The report is also of interest since it demonstrates that bone effects, a comparatively severe adverse health effect of Cd, in combination with renal dysfunction, still occurs in environmentally exposed population groups in Asia. Recent reports on bone effects in Cd-exposed population groups in Europe are discussed. 相似文献