我国碳储工程环境影响机理及其评价体系研究

在CO2的理化性质及其危险和碳储项目工程分析的基础上,将我国碳储工程划分建设期、运营期、场地关闭及闭场后3大阶段,给出不同阶段工程分析的重点内容。同时,研究与总结了我国碳储工程对地下水、土壤、生态植被和大气等环境影响及其机理,并构建我国深部咸水层CO2地质储存环境影响评价指标体系。该评价体系分为储存场地特征指标类、干扰地质环境指标类、环境容量指标类、生态影响指标类4个层次,为完善我国碳储工程环境影响评价提供依据。     

Quantification of microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations during the 2009 and 2010 blooms in Lake Taihu using quantitative real-time PCR

Lake Taihu, a large, shallow hypertrophic freshwater lake in eastern China, has experienced lake-wide toxic cyanobacterial blooms annually during summer season in the past decades. Spatial changes in the abundance of hepatotoxin microcystin-producing and non-microcystin producing Microcystis populations were investigated in the lake in August of 2009 and 2010. To monitor the densities of the total Microcystis population and the potential microcystin-producing subpopulation, we used a quantitative real-time PCR assay targeting the phycocyanin intergenic spacer (PC-IGS) and the microcystin synthetase gene (mcyD), respectively. On the basis of quantification by real-time PCR analysis, the abundance of potential toxic Microcystis genotypes and the ratio of the mcyD subpopulation to the total Microcystis varied significantly, from 4.08× 10⁴ to 5.22× 10⁷ copies/mL, from 5.7% to 65.8%, respectively. Correlation analysis showed a strong positive relationship between chlorophyll-a, toxic Microcystis and total Microcystis; the abundance of toxic Microcystis correlated positively with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations, but negatively with TN:TP ratio and nitrate concentrations. Meanwhile the proportion of potential toxic genotypes within Microcystis population showed positive correlation with total phosphorus and ortho-phosphate concentrations. Our data suggest that increased phosphorus loading may be a significant factor promoting the occurrence of toxic Microcystis bloom in Lake Taihu.     

水刺滤料对微细粒子过滤性能的实验研究

采用水刺工艺制造毡类过滤材料相对于针刺工艺具有很多优势,不仅具有更低的纤维损伤,而且体现出优异的过滤性能。根据国家标准建立实验装置,对水刺滤料和常规针刺毡滤料、覆膜滤料的性能进行了综合性实验研究。结果表明:水刺滤料对微细粒子的捕集效率优于针刺毡滤料,阻力低于覆膜滤料,在过滤除尘方面有很大优势。     

《生态文明理念和发展方略》述评

曲格平撰写的《生态文明理念和发展方略》重点阐述了生态文明的重要性,深刻揭示了生态文明的必然性,提出了中国生态文明建设的路径和发展方略,启示我们要更加深刻地认识生态文明的重要现实意义和历史必然性,进一步提高贯彻落实科学发展观的自觉性,努力开辟具有中国特色的人与自然和谐发展的道路,开创环保工作的"战略反攻"的新阶段,积极发展环境科技,培养大批高素质环保科技人才。     

基于高可靠性组织理论的HSSE事故事件管理系统

对目前石油化工行业事故事件管理存在的问题进行梳理分析,运用高可靠性组织理论方法对管理的具体内容、方法以及流程做出详细的设计,从而建立一套完善的HSSE事故事件管理系统。旨在对典型事故事件的发生原因和潜在规律进行深入分析和学习,提升风险预警能力,找出HSSE管理中的薄弱环节,持续改进HSSE管理体系。     

太湖流域源头南苕溪河口生态工程恢复及其初期水质净化效应

针对太湖流域源头溪流农业面源污染严重和生态拦截净化较弱的问题,采用生态工程措施于南苕溪人青山湖水库河口处对河道进行恢复.综合考虑山溪性河流水文水动力特征,通过构建、稳定和保护河口与滨岸带生态系统实现河道恢复目标.所采用关键技术包括:合金钢网石兜抛石技术、深潭-浅滩/塘-洼地组合净化技术、分流沙嘴技术、T-型乱石抛筑透水坝技术、河岸侵蚀面防侵蚀的浅滩沙洲场技术、植被缓冲带技术、水生植物恢复技术等.对河口生态工程区进行连续9个月的监测结果显示,工程区上段浅滩及分流沙嘴区能有效复氧,提升pH值并降低电导率,同时对总磷、活性磷和悬浮颗粒物有较好的去除效果;中段深潭区通过强化的微生物活性能有效去除铵态氮与亚硝态氮;下游T-型坝能较好地拦截并沉积河口冲刷物质,但需对其定期清理以防引发二次污染.河口生态工程运行初期较好地改善了河道结构并提升了河流自净能力,对河流生态恢复最具指示作用的水质指标溶解氧饱和度、铵态氮去除率在工程实施后较工程实施前平均分别提高了14.5％、14.7％.     

Individual particle analysis of aerosols collected at Lhasa City in the Tibetan Plateau

To understand the composition and major sources of aerosol particles in Lhasa City on the Tibetan Plateau(TP), individual particles were collected from 2 February to 8 March, 2013 in Tibet University. The mean concentrations of both PM2.5and PM10 during the sampling were25.7 ± 21.7 and 57.2 ± 46.7 μg/m3, respectively, much lower than those of other cities in East and South Asia, but higher than those in the remote region in TP like Nam Co, indicating minor urban pollution. Combining the observations with the meteorological parameters and back trajectory analysis, it was concluded that local sources controlled the pollution during the sampling. Transmission electron microscopy(TEM) combined with energydispersive X-ray spectra(EDS) was used to study 408 particles sampled on four days. Based on the EDS analysis, a total of 8 different particle categories were classified for all 408 particles, including Si-rich, Ca-rich, soot, K-rich, Fe-rich, Pb-rich, Al-rich and other particles.The dominant elements were Si, Al and Ca, which were mainly attributed to mineral dust in the earth's crust such as feldspar and clay. Fe-, Pb-, K-, Al-rich particles and soot mainly originated from anthropogenic sources like firework combustion and biomass burning during the sampling. During the sampling, the pollution mainly came from mineral dust,while the celebration ceremony and religious ritual produced a large quantity of anthropogenic metal-bearing particles on 9 and 25 February 2013. Cement particles also had a minor influence. The data obtained in this study can be useful for developing pollution control strategies.     

陆生无脊椎动物监测土壤重金属污染

随着农药、杀虫剂的大量施放,土壤重金属污染也正在日益严重,土壤重金属污染正在日益受到人们的关注,如何利用土壤动物监测这些污染具有极其重要的意义,而陆生无脊椎动物对于监测土壤重金属污染起到重要的作用。文章综述了陆生无脊椎动物监测土壤重金属污染的研究进展。     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

戊唑醇在环境中的降解迁移和生物富集性研究

戊唑醇属于内吸性三唑类杀菌农药,在国内广泛用于田间病虫防治,故其在环境中的归趋备受关注。采用室内模拟试验方法,研究了戊唑醇在水-沉积物中的降解特性、土壤中的吸附性和在斑马鱼中的生物富集性。结果表明:好氧条件下,戊唑醇在河流与湖泊水-沉积物系统中农药总量的降解半衰期分别为533.2、433.2 d;厌氧条件下,河流与湖泊水-沉积物系统中降解半衰期分别为364.8、1 732.9 d;沉积物系统降解半衰期较长,降解速率主要受水中戊唑醇的降解速率影响。戊唑醇在江西红壤、太湖水稻土、常熟乌杉土、东北黑土中的吸附性符合Freundlich方程,Kd值分别为7.4、11.8、11.2和15;吸附性大小次序为东北黑土太湖水稻土常熟乌杉土江西红壤;以有机碳含量表示的土壤吸附常数KOC在698.9~1 635.5之间;影响戊唑醇土壤吸附性的主要因素为土壤有机质含量和p H。戊唑醇在斑马鱼中的生物富集系数BCF8 d为21.52~25.30,具有中等富集性。戊唑醇在水体环境中具有较强稳定性,不易被土壤吸附,且具有一定的生物富集性,可能会对水体和水体生物造成一定的污染。