不同尺度纳米镍对秀丽线虫发育毒性的比较研究

应用模式生物-秀丽隐杆线虫研究金属纳米镍的生殖发育毒性。采用20nm和90nm镍分别以2.5和5.0μg·cm-2两个剂量对秀丽隐杆线虫进行染毒,并以微米镍和生理盐水作对照,采用后代数目、世代时间、形态和体长、寿命和半数致死率等生殖发育相关评价指标,对纳米镍生殖发育毒性进行评价。结果发现,与生理盐水对照组和微米镍组比较,秀丽线虫暴露于20nm和90nm镍的两个剂量组后,均表现出生殖和发育的异常(P<0.01),并有剂量依赖性。且90nm镍暴露对秀丽线虫后代数目、世代时间、形态和体长、寿命和半数致死天数等指标的缺陷作用均显著于20nm镍。研究表明,纳米镍可影响秀丽线虫的生殖和发育功能,这一效应与纳米粒径和暴露浓度有关。此结论可为制定纳米镍的接触限值标准提供参考。     

基于系统动力学个体安全经验研究

安全经验作为约束员工不安全行为的非正式手段越来越受到安全管理人员的重视,该文主要围绕员工个体安全经验,运用复杂系统知识,利用系统动力学Vensim软件,建立了员工个体安全经验系统的因果关系,通过设计4组方案对比分析了员工接受安全培训的次数和员工适应岗位的时间这两个因素对员工个体安全经验和企业总安全经验的影响效果及程度,得出在员工刚入厂时不宜变换其工作岗位,一定时期后应以加强安全培训为主来提高员工的个体安全经验。预测与分析员工个体安全经验发展趋势,有助于企业安全监管部门对员工个体安全经验的提升进行规划指导,制定有关政策以保证员工个体安全经验的增长,从而达到提高员工自身防御风险的能力。     

Stability of workface using long-wall mining method in extremely thin and gently inclined iron mine

Long-wall mining method has its own advantages, such as small mining-cutting ratio, the simple technique of recovery and high level of mechanization, which is the optimal method used to mine gently inclined and extremely thin iron mine. How to ensure the safety of workers and equipment during mining is the key technical process. Based on elastic-plastic mechanics theory, the mechanic model of long-wall method mining gently inclined and extremely thin iron mine is established and the critical safety distance of workface is obtained. With the FLAC-2D simulation software, the rule of stress change, the deformation of workface and surrounding rock in different control-roof width are also summarized. The final results accord with the ones of theory test. We confirm the support-frame resistance of workface by analogy-statistic method. The results prove that hydraulic support-frame have the ability to provide enough pressure to assure the stability of working face within the 5-m of control-roof width.     

Fenton氧化絮凝预处理糖精钠生产废水

应用Fenton氧化与絮凝结合预处理难生物降解的糖精钠生产废水,进行H2O2投加量、FeSO4投加量、氧化pH值、氧化时间、絮凝pH值等5个因数正交试验,结果表明,原水的BOD5／CODcr由0．15提高到0．49,同时去除CODcr40％左右,从而为后续的生物处理奠定了基础。     

改性粉煤灰的制备及其对分散蓝的吸附

以聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵(PDMDAAC)为改性剂,制备PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰。采用正交实验考察了制备条件对PDMDAAC在粉煤灰上的负载量的影响。实验结果表明:在反应温度为70℃、反应时间为3 h、PDMDAAC质量浓度为50 g/L、溶液pH为10的最佳条件下,PDMDAAC在粉煤灰上的负载量为0.98 mg/g;在吸附温度为30℃、初始分散蓝质量浓度为50 mg/L、PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰加入量为4 g/L的条件下,PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰对分散蓝的去除率可达98%。PDMDAAC改性粉煤灰对分散蓝的吸附符合Langmuir吸附模型。     

点火提前角对焦炉气天然气混燃发动机燃烧特性的影响分析

为了研究不同点火提前角对焦炉气与天然气混燃发动机燃烧特性的影响,对一台6缸焦炉气发动机,运用CATIA建立其燃烧室模型。在相同的条件下,运用CFD分析软件研究了6种点火提前角（θig）下焦炉气与天然气发动机的燃烧特性。模拟表明:随着θig的提前,缸内的压力、温度、NO生成量的峰值都会升高且提前,当θig推迟到-12 ℃A以后时,出现严重的后燃现象,使得排放温度升高;当θig提前到-25 ℃A之前时,NO的生成量和缸内流速迅速增加,快速燃烧在压缩上止点之前10 ℃A范围内,发动机做负功;当θig为-15 ℃A时,虽然NO的生成有所增加,但是增加的不是很大,并且压力、温度、快速燃烧都在做功行程接近上止点的位置。     

白洋淀芦苇型水陆交错带水化学动态及其净化功能研究

于2007年3月-11月对富营养化湖泊一白洋淀进行了现场调查,分析了温度、溶解氧（DO）、叶绿素、总磷（TP）及其他水化学指标的动态变化规律,并讨论了它们之间的相互关系。结果表明：白洋淀芦苇（Phragmites australis var．baiyangdiansis）型水陆交错带对营养物质具有强烈的截留作用,可以达到净化白洋淀水体的效果。从水质指标的空间分布看,污染较重的府河河口区域其水体TP、化学需氧量（CODc,）含量明显高于污染较轻的湖泊中心区域,空间梯度上呈逐步递减趋势。根据水体盐度、总溶解性固体、TP及DO含量进行聚类分析,可以将采样点分为3类：Ⅰ区、污染较重河口区域;Ⅱ区、中间过渡缓冲区域;Ⅲ区、污染较轻中心区域。Ⅰ区其水体DO含量明显低于Ⅲ区,而水体盐度则明显高于Ⅲ区。通过调查发现：在8月份,白洋淀水体DO含量突然增加;相关分析表明：叶绿素含量与DO（P=0．046）及温度（P〈0．01）之间呈显著正相关关系。结合叶绿素等指标的动态变化规律,8月份左右可能是白洋淀藻类爆发的危险时期。     

Using the multiple cell balance method to solve the problem of two-dimensional groundwater flow and contaminant transport with nonequilibrium sorption

The problem of large-scale contamination of groundwater by relatively low levels of organic contaminants is most frequently addressed by extracting and treating the impacted groundwater. This pump-and-treat strategy is often unsuccessful because of difficulties encountered in recovering the contaminants from relatively immobile zones within the porous medium. These zones can exist at the particle scale, as intraparticle or intra-aggregate porosity, and at the larger scales, as low-permeability layers or lenses interspersed in substantially more permeable layers. This work focuses on achieving an efficient numerical solution to a system of groundwater flow and contaminant transport equations that sufficiently captures the dynamics of slow desorption in a two-dimensional porous medium. The conceptual model and governing equations are presented. A numerical method for solving the governing equations, the upstream-weighted, multiple cell balance (UMCB) method, is proposed. The UMCB algorithm has been employed previously for the case of solute transport with equilibrium sorption, and is extended here to the nonequilibrium case. The approach employs a finite-element basis function and a finite-difference local mass balance, and is designed to reduce computational and storage requirements, while minimizing the mass balance error. The computational grid is formed by division of the flow domain into triangular elements. An invented node at the center of each element divides the element into three subtriangular regions. By linking the center of each triangular element and the mid-point of each elemental side, a multiangular region, referred to as an exclusive subdomain, is defined. The discretized system of governing equations is derived from the integral form that describes the mass balance in the exclusive subdomain of each node. The paper details the application of the numerical method, and demonstrates that the method is reasonably accurate and computationally efficient for a two-dimensional domain subject to nonequilibrium sorption.     

安全工程的大实践──铁路行车安全车机联控与劳动安全站区联控

叙述了广州铁路集团公司行车安全车机联控与劳动安全站区联控的基本做法和主要经验，提出了发展和完善“双联控”，使之成为铁路运输管理的一项基本制度和管理模式需要解决的问题。     

监测水和废水中油含量的水样采集方法

根据油在水体中存在形式的多样性，分布不均匀性及油对水体的污染情况，探讨了采样时在不破坏水体水文状态下前提下，采集漂浮油、分散油、乳化油和溶解油等多种形式的合理性，同时，根据均匀流场中点源油滴扩散微分方程的解，探讨了水和废水中含油水样的采样浓度，就均匀流场中的地表水而言采样深度≥５ｃｍ即可。