村镇生活污水强化混凝处理实验研究

采用聚合氯化铝、硫酸亚铁及阳离子型高分子絮凝剂对村镇生活污水单独处理的效果进行比较,应用正交实验方法探讨了前述絮凝剂复合使用效果。结果表明,在pH为10、PAN投药量1ml／L、混凝时间2min、搅拌转速240r／min,以及絮凝时间10min、搅拌转速120r／min时,试验污水中污染物浊度、COD、SS、NH4^＋—N的去除率分别为99．63％、84．59％、64．59％及49．52％,出水水质达到了国家农田灌溉标准（GB5084—92）,可用于农田灌溉,实现污水资源化。     

Concentrations of heavy metals and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in needles of Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) growing nearby different industrial sources

Emissions from industrial activities pose a serious threat to human health and impose the need for monitoring both inorganic and organic pollutants in industrial areas.We selected Masson pine (Pinus massoniana L.) as potential biomonitor and collected the current (C) and previous year (C+1) needles from three industrial sites dominated by petrochemical,ceramics manufacturing,and iron and steel smelting plants and one remote site to determine heavy metals (Cu,Cd,Pb,Zn,Cr,Ni and Co) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in unwashed and water-washed needles.Both unwashed and washed C+1 needles showed generally higher concentrations of heavy metals and PAHs than C needles,although the washed needles more clearly spotlighted the accumulation effect of PAHs over exposure time.Water-washing resulted in a significant decrease in needle PAH concentrations with more significant effects shown in C needles.By contrast,needle heavy metal concentrations were much less affected by washing.Although heavy metals and PAHs might differ in adsorption and uptake strategies,their higher concentrations in the needles at the industrial sites indicated conspicuous contamination due to industrial emissions there,The PAH distribution patterns in pine needles accorded with the real types of energy consumption in the study sites and were efficiently used for pinpointing local pollutant sources.     

A land use regression for predicting NO2 and PM10 concentrations in different seasons in Tianjin region,China

Land use regression (LUR) model was employed to predict the spatial concentration distribution of NO2 and PM10 in the Tianjin region based on the environmental air quality monitoring data. Four multiple linear regression (MLR) equations were established based on the most significant variables for NO2 in heating season (R2 = 0.74), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.61) in the whole study area; and PM10 in heating season (R2 = 0.72), and non-heating season (R2 = 0.49). Maps of spatial concentration distribution for NO2 and PM10 were obtained based on the MLR equations (resolution is 10 km). Intercepts of MLR equations were 0.050 (NO2, heating season), 0.035 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.068 (PM10, heating season), and 0.092 (PM10, non-heating season) in the whole study area. In the central area of Tianjin region, the intercepts were 0.042 (NO2, heating season), 0.043 (NO2, non-heating season), 0.087 (PM10, heating season), and 0.096 (PM10, non-heating season). These intercept values might imply an area’s background concentrations. Predicted result derived from LUR model in the central area was better than that in the whole study area. R2 values increased 0.09 (heating season) and 0.18 (non-heating season) for NO2, and 0.08 (heating season) and 0.04 (non-heating season) for PM10. In terms of R2, LUR model performed more effectively in heating season than non-heating season in the study area and gave a better result for NO2 compared with PM10.     

污泥对水煤浆静态稳定性的影响研究

以萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物为添加剂,考察添加不同比例污泥的水煤浆48h后的稳定常数,析水层特征,粒度分布等,结果表明:污泥的添加量增加,稳定常数接近于1,当污泥添加量为煤质量的10%时,稳定常数η为0.981,表观黏度为1 106 mPa.s。水煤浆中粒径>190μm颗粒的沉降速度最快,大颗粒的沉降导致底层水煤浆固含率的增加,是水煤浆产生沉淀的直接原因。污泥加入后,在煤颗粒之间形成间隔层,间隔层与间隔层之间形成三维网络结构,阻止了大颗粒的沉降。污泥本身疏松的网络结构,易吸水的性质是提高水煤浆稳定性的根本原因。     

液氯钢瓶瓶阀故障原因分析及应对措施

通过对液氯钢瓶瓶阀故障类型、原因的分析,提出了在钢瓶使用、充装、检验过程中适当的操作方法和对策.     

生物絮凝剂的研究与应用

介绍了近年来生物絮凝剂的研究和应用现状,详细总结了几种生物絮凝剂的絮凝机理,并对生物絮凝剂的分类进行了阐述,列举了生物絮凝剂的应用情况,文中还提到了近年来的研究新进展,特别是提到了复合型生物絮凝剂的研制情况,最后文章对未来生物絮凝剂的发展趋势进行了叙述.     

光污染防治立法的研究及探讨

目前,光污染这种新型的环境污染,已成为一个必需正视的环境问题。为了更为有效地防治光污染,保护公众的环境权益,中国急需建立光污染防治法律体系。采用符合本国国情的立法模式,建立完善的监管体系,制定具体明确的光污染防治标准等将是中国光污染防治法律体系建立的核心内容。本文阐述了光污染的概况,介绍了国内外光污染防治立法现状,前瞻性地提出以经济和生态的可持续发展为指导思想,采取预防性原则从环保和法律的角度出发,建立符合中国国情的光污染防治体系,全面防治光污染的建议。     

三江源区高寒草地生态研究进展

综述了三江源区高寒草地在种群生态、群落结构与特征、群落演替、高寒草地土壤及微生物、高寒草地分布与分类、高寒草地生态与气候背景等生态领域的研究现状,分析了目前三江源区高寒草地生态研究的局限性,展望了三江源区高寒草地生态研究的发展趋势。     

五大连池冬季水体中磷的分布特征

在冬季对东北地区五大连池各池采取表层水样,对水体中总磷、溶解性总磷和溶解性磷酸盐进行了分析。结果表明五大连池冬季水体中总磷浓度在0.035 mg/L～0.144 mg/L之间,其中四池含量最高,二池含量最低。溶解性总磷的含量在0.027 mg/L～0.049 mg/L之间,三池含量最高,一池含量最低。溶解性磷酸盐的浓度在0.020 mg/L～0.042 mg/L之间,三池含量最高,二池含量最低。水体中磷以溶解态的形式存在为主,而溶解态中又以溶解性磷酸盐为主,占溶解性总磷的平均百分比为80.92%。总的来说三池、四池和五池磷水平较高,人类污染影响严重。     

HPLC法分析苯酚超声/H2O2降解机理

利用超声/H2O2协同作用生成氧化能力极强的羟基自由基(.OH)降解苯酚。确定高效液相色谱分析的适宜条件为室温,检测波长277 nm,流动相配比55/45(V甲醇/水),流速为0.5 mL/min,测得各物质的回收率在95.2%100.3%之间,证明高效液相色谱法是测定苯酚及其中间产物的一种有效的分析方法。HPLC法分析苯酚的降解过程首先是由羟基自由基攻击苯环,生成对苯二酚、邻苯二酚,然后继续羟基化,生成顺丁烯二酸,进一步氧化,最终生成二氧化碳和水。