由传统工业文明向生态文明的转型势在必行——《生态文明的中国觉醒》述评

《生态文明的中国觉醒》首先说明当今中国出现了环境严重污染的“生态墙”;进而阐述环境保护的严峻形势及建设生态文明的艰巨任务;然后论述我国正处环境问题的激化期,应借鉴世界各大工业国的经验教训,指明经济与生态双赢的方向;最后阐述生态文明建设势在必行。这篇重要文章提出了以下启示：中国发展打“消耗战”的路已经行不通,必须由传统工业文明向生态文明转型;必须坚持又好又快的发展,保持适当速度;提倡“合理消费”;大力实施“创新驱动战略”,为生态文明建设提供强大动力。     

Cooperative Game Among Cities in Urban Agglomerations and Economical Sustainable Development

Abstract

This paper analyses redounded profits of cooperation and non-cooperation among cities in urban agglomerations based on game theory. It discusses the problems of economical development among cities with feeble cooperation, and deduces the conclusion that only cooperation of cities produces the maximum profits and realizes Pareto efficiency for cities and urban agglomerations. The paper states that cooperation is the cornerstone of economic sustainable development in urban agglomerations in profits produced by cooperation among cities. Some suggestions to accelerate cooperation among cities are proposed.     

Research on the development and planning of renewable energy in Tibet

With the rapid social and economic development of the Tibet Autonomous Region,the situation in regard to energy supply and demand is increasingly tense.Meanwhile,the development of renewable energy in Tibet has been given considerable practical significance by its peculiar ecological environment.Given the complementarity of renewable energies in Tibet,using the method of factor analysis,we derived four major factors:level of economic development,social development,industrial development,and energy endowment,which help to evaluate development conditions in different regions of Tibet.Treating these four factors equally,we used the hierarchical clustering method to determine the order of regional development.Thus we acquire a three-stage planning project for renewable energy.In the first stage,Lhasa plays a leading role in promoting the development of renewable energy,particularly that based on solar and wind energy.There are two phases in the second stage,the first being to simultaneously develop solar and wind energy in Xigaze and Nyingchi.The second is to develop solar and wind energy in accordance with the time of year in Qamdo,Nagqu,and Ali,with 1.145billion kWh electricity to be generated.The third stage is to develop energy production in Lhoka Prefecture,with 1.369billion kWh electricity to be generated.At the end of the three-stage project,consumption of available electricity will have reached 4.045 billion kwh,with major social and economic benefits.     

污泥对水煤浆静态稳定性的影响研究

以萘磺酸钠甲醛缩合物为添加剂,考察添加不同比例污泥的水煤浆48h后的稳定常数,析水层特征,粒度分布等,结果表明:污泥的添加量增加,稳定常数接近于1,当污泥添加量为煤质量的10%时,稳定常数η为0.981,表观黏度为1 106 mPa.s。水煤浆中粒径>190μm颗粒的沉降速度最快,大颗粒的沉降导致底层水煤浆固含率的增加,是水煤浆产生沉淀的直接原因。污泥加入后,在煤颗粒之间形成间隔层,间隔层与间隔层之间形成三维网络结构,阻止了大颗粒的沉降。污泥本身疏松的网络结构,易吸水的性质是提高水煤浆稳定性的根本原因。     

液氯钢瓶瓶阀故障原因分析及应对措施

通过对液氯钢瓶瓶阀故障类型、原因的分析,提出了在钢瓶使用、充装、检验过程中适当的操作方法和对策.     

基于PCA改进层次分析法的多目标大型货物运输通道选择*

为提高大型货物运输通道选择科学性,通过分析大型货物运输影响因素,建立大型货物运输通道选择指标评价体系,采用PCA法改进层次分析法,构建多目标大型货物运输通道选择决策模型,有效避免决策目标间信息重复利用。结果表明:优化后的决策模型可有效避免建模过程中对决策目标间信息重复利用,为大型货物运输通道线路方案决策提供依据。     

Floating particles with high copper concentration in the sea-surface microlayer

This study sought to clarify whether suspended particles containing high Cu concentrations are present in the sea-surface microlayer (S-SML). For this reason, suspended particles (10–2000 μm) in the S-SML were collected periodically from a ship mooring pond during 2018–2020, and the acid-soluble Cu concentration in the suspended particles was measured as particulate Cu (P-Cu). The highest concentration of P-Cu in the S-SML of the pond was 75 μg L^?1 with a 90th percentile value of 2.5 μg L^?1. This is below P-Cu values reported for the S-SML in North American ports, but 140 times higher than this found in bulk seawater in the Atlantic Ocean. The highest P-Cu concentration in the S-SML of non-organism (abiotic) origin was 17 μg L^?1, and the abiotic P-Cu to P-Cu ratio varied from 0.2 to 100%, likely depending on the quality and quantity of biogenic material in the S-SML samples. It is assumed that the S-SML particles examined here contain high Cu concentrations originating from ship antifouling paints.

     

实施HSE管理的几点体会

在企业HSE管理的过程中,往往容易在危险源辨识、评价方法应用等方面存在一定的误区.笔者结合工作实际,谈几点肤浅的体会.     

Matrix-bound phosphine in Antarctic biosphere

Phosphine (PH(3)) is a natural gaseous carrier of phosphorus in its geochemical cycles, and it might be of importance to the phosphorus balance of natural ecosystem. For the first time phosphine levels were investigated in the Earth's coldest, driest, and most southerly Antarctic biosphere. Matrix-bound phosphine (MBP) was found in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments and soils. Phosphine concentrations varied with different sea animal guanos. Average phosphine concentrations in empire penguin, gentoo penguin, sea lion, skua and gull guanos were 2.54+/-1.28 ng kg(-1), 6.21+/-2.15 ng kg(-1), 9.12+/-4.66 ng kg(-1), 11.90+/-1.29 ng kg(-1) and 14.55+/-6.74 ng kg(-1), respectively. The contents of phosphorus in these various matrixes have an important effect on MBP concentrations. The levels of phosphine appeared an increasing tendency with the content of TP, IP and OP in sea animal guanos, ornithogenic sediments or soils. The correlation between PH(3) and Fe, Mn, Al in these matrixes was also analyzed and discussed. Phosphine showed an obviously positive correlation with Fe in sea animal guanos. However, excessively high Fe, Al and Mn may inhibit the formation of PH(3) in the ornithogenic soils or sediments in the Antarctic biosphere.     

Nitrous Oxide Emission from <Emphasis Type="Italic">Deyeuxia angustifolia</Emphasis> Freshwater Marsh in Northeast China

Here we report N₂O emission results for freshwater marshes isolated from human activities at the Sanjiang Experimental Station of Marsh Wetland Ecology in northeastern China. These results are important for us to understand N₂O emission in natural processes in undisturbed freshwater marsh. Two adjacent plots of Deyeuxia angustifolia freshwater marsh with different water regimes, i.e., seasonally waterlogged (SW) and not- waterlogged (NW), were chosen for gas sampling, and soil and biomass studies. Emissions of N₂O from NW plots were obviously higher than from the SW plots. Daily maximum N₂O flux was observed at 13 o′clock and the seasonal maximum occurred in end July to early August. The annual average N₂O emissions from the NW marsh were 4.45 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ in 2002 and 6.85 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ in 2003 during growing season. The SW marsh was overall a sink for N₂O with corresponding annual emissions of −1.00 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ for 2002 and −0.76 μg m⁻² h⁻¹ for 2003. There were significant correlations between N₂O fluxes and temperatures of both air and 5-cm-depth soil. The range of soil redox potential 200–400 mV appeared to be optimum for N₂O flux. Besides temperature and plant biomass, the freeze–thaw process is also an important factor for N₂O emission burst. Our results show that the freshwater marsh isolated from human activity in northeastern China is not a major source of N₂O.