环境决策技术评价方法研究述评

针对环境决策分析过程中存在的问题,介绍了对环境决策技术评价的意义和现状,探讨了在环境决策中几种技术评价的方法,目前有关技术评价的方法与观点众多,总体上可归纳为层次分析法、模糊综合评价法、灰色综合评判法、费用效益分析法。这些分析法的应用能够促进环境决策管理从粗放型向精细化转变。为环境投资效益分析和环境决策提供了科学、合理、高效的技术支撑。本文介绍了几种技术评价方法的概念和发展历程,分析了各种方法的适用范围和优缺点。     

危险及可操作性分析在LNG汽车加气站的应用

利用危险及可操作性分析(HAZOP)技术对液化天然气(LNG)汽车加气站卸车、调压和加液流程进行系统的危险分析和探讨,并提出建议措施。应用实例表明,HAZOP技术可有效地辨识LNG汽车加气站的风险,可作为LNG加气站风险管理的有效工具之一。     

黑龙江省放射源安全管理现状及对策研究

在研究放射源安全管理现状的基础上,对现有体制进行了充分的研究,结合实践中遇到的焦点和难点问题,以提高管理效率为目标,着眼于制度创新,针对使用单位、监督管理部门分别进行了制度构建,对黑龙江省移动放射源,低活度放射源的管理进行了管理实践探讨,为黑龙江省放射源管理实践提供了较好的理论和实践的探索。     

基于UML的放射源贮存库管理系统设计

随着放射性同位素在油井钻探、测试等领域中的广泛应用,放射源的种类及数量越来越大,使用频率越来越高,传统的管理方法已经不适应现代条件下的放射源管理需求。本文从放射源管理中的重要环节——贮存库管理系统入手,以UML为工具,对贮存库管理系统的需求模型和系统模型进行了设计,以提高放射源管理水平。     

Modification of Ce02-ZrO2 catalyst by potassium for NOx-assisted soot oxidation

Potassium-modified ceria-zirconia catalyst was synthesized by wetness impregnation method. The ageing treatment was performed in static air at 800℃ for 20 hr to evaluate the thermal stability of the catalyst. The catalysts were characterized by X-ray diffraction,BET surface area, oxygen storage capacity, NOx-temperature programmed desorption and soot-temperature programmed oxidation measurements. By introduction of potassium, the maximum soot oxidation rate temperature (Tm) of the ceria-zirconia based catalyst decreased from 525 to 428℃ in the presence of NO under a loose contact mode. The shift of Tm of the K-modified catalyst after ageing is only 15℃. The enhanced activity of the aged catalyst mainly lies in the promotional effect of potassium on the NOx/oxygen storage cacity as well as the soot-catalyst contact.     

环境影响评价中公众参与影响因素及方式分析研究

针对环境影响评价中公众参与影响因素及方式分析问题,介绍了环境影响评价中公众参与的特征,包括公开性、双向性和参与性,对公众参与的影响因素进行了分析,主要分析了利害关系人、法律制度、公共政策、市场经济发展水平和社会信息化程度,探讨了公众参与有效性要素的措施,主要有公众人员的选择、公众赋予的权力、参与时间的选择、解决矛盾能力和公众参与形式,在环境影响评价中进行公众参与不仅是环境影响评价本身的需要,同时也是中国民主制度的体现。     

面向实时人群动力学分析的深度基本图网络

当前行人疏散实验中基本图计算方法通常是通过对每个行人进行跟踪实现的.但这种跟踪方法难以实现实时人群动力学分析.针对这一问题,提出了深度基本图网络.实验提出的网络框架由两个模块组成,即多尺度递归卷积神经网络(MSR-Net)和光流模块,分别对行人密度和行人速度进行估计.具体来讲,MSR-Net学习了输入图像与行人密度图之...     

沉入式膜生物反应器处理池塘污水的初步实验研究

膜生物反应器(MBR)主要用于工业污水和城市生活污水的处理,但在水产养殖污水处理方面的应用研究,国内外尚未见报道.作者根据膜生物反应器的工作原理和水产养殖污水的主要特征,设计了一种简易的沉入式膜生物反应器,尝试性地对珠江口有代表性的对虾低位养殖池污水进行了处理实验,并根据实验结果对今后开展无公害高效水产养殖模式提出了一些设想.     

<Emphasis Type="Italic">Synechococcus</Emphasis> production and grazing loss rates in nearshore tropical waters

Temporal variation of Synechococcus, its production (μ) and grazing loss (g) rates were studied for 2 years at nearshore stations, i.e. Port Dickson and Port Klang along the Straits of Malacca. Synechococcus abundance at Port Dickson (0.3–2.3 × 10⁵ cell ml^?1) was always higher than at Port Klang (0.3–7.1 × 10⁴ cell ml^?1) (p < 0.001). μ ranged up to 0.98 day^?1 (0.51 ± 0.29 day^?1), while g ranged from 0.02 to 0.31 day^?1 (0.15 ± 0.07 day^?1) at Port Klang. At Port Dickson, μ and g averaged 0.47 ± 0.13 day^?1 (0.29–0.82 day^?1) and 0.31 ± 0.14 day^?1 (0.13–0.63 day^?1), respectively. Synechococcus abundance did not correlate with temperature (p > 0.25), but nutrient and light availability were important factors for their distribution. The relationship was modelled as log Synechococcus = 0.37Secchi ? 0.01DIN + 4.52 where light availability (as Secchi disc depth) was a more important determinant. From a two-factorial experiment, nutrients were not significant for Synechococcus growth as in situ nutrient concentrations exceeded the threshold for saturated growth. However, light availability was important and elevated Synechococcus growth rates especially at Port Dickson (F = 5.94, p < 0.05). As for grazing loss rates, they were independent of either nutrients or light intensity (p > 0.30). In nearshore tropical waters, an estimated 69 % of Synechococcus production could be grazed.     

Investigating the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton in a tropical estuary

We sampled extensively (29 stations) at the Klang estuarine system over a 3-day scientific expedition. We measured physical and chemical variables (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, dissolved inorganic nutrients) and related them to the spatial distribution of phototrophic picoplankton (Ppico). Multivariate analysis of variance of the physicochemical variables showed the heterogeneity of the Klang estuarine system where the stations at each transect were significantly different (Rao’s F _{18, 36}?=?8.401, p?<?0.001). Correlation analyses also showed that variables related to Ppico abundance and growth were mutually exclusive. Distribution of Ppico was best explained by the physical mixing between freshwater and seawater whereas Ppico growth was correlated with temperature.