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水中阴离子表面活性剂的测定 总被引:13,自引:1,他引:12
偶氮红两相滴定法在pH=7.5的条件下,能测定水和废水中的各种阴离子表面活性剂的摩尔浓度。本文通过对硫酸盐、磺酸盐、苯磺酸盐、肥皂和磷酸盐等各类阴离子表面活性剂的测定,以及干扰试验和实际水样测定,表明此法优于亚甲基蓝分光光度法。方法的变异系数为1.0%(n=11),最小检出浓度0.052mg/L(n=21),加标回收率92.1%-110.2%,平均100.6%(n=14)。建议水中阴离子表面活性剂 相似文献
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观察8周中等强度游泳运动对2,3,7,8-四氯二苯并二恶英(2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin,2,3,7,8-TCDD)急性暴露大鼠肝脏氧化应激的影响。以8周龄雄性Sprague Dawley大鼠为研究对象,将大鼠随机分为玉米油静养组(NC组)、玉米油运动组(EC组)、TCDD静养组(NT)和TCDD运动组(ET组)。将TCDD溶于玉米油中,NT和ET组大鼠按照10μg·kg-1(以单位体重计)腹腔注射TCDD,NC和EC组大鼠注射等量玉米油。正式实验开始后,EC和ET组大鼠进行运动(尾部负重5%游泳30min),每周运动5 d,共8周,NC和NT组大鼠不进行任何运动干预。8周后,称重并宰杀大鼠,收集血清和肝组织样本,待测血清天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)、丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)的活性;肝组织丙二醛(MDA)含量,超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化氢酶(CAT)以及谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(GSH-Px)的活性。将数据进行多因素方差分析,结果表明,染毒可升高大鼠血清AST的活性,增加肝脏MDA的含量,降低肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性;运动可降低大鼠肝脏GSH-Px的活性;染毒后运动可减少肝脏MDA的含量,升高肝脏SOD、CAT和GSH-Px的活性。研究表明,TCDD急性暴露可导致大鼠肝细胞功能受损,导致大鼠肝脏发生氧化应激。8周有氧运动改善TCDD急性暴露诱导的肝细胞损伤,改善肝脏氧化应激,这可能是运动改善TCDD肝毒性的机制之一。 相似文献
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Weiguo Shen Gejin Gan Rui Dong Hu Chen Yu Tan Mingkai Zhou 《Journal of Material Cycles and Waste Management》2012,14(3):228-233
The utilization of the phosphogypsum (PG) as cement retarder is both an economical and an ecological approach to treat this solid waste. Cement using raw PG as retarder has two problems pressing for solution,namely, delaying the setting time and difficulty being fed into the cement mill. The soluble phosphates in PG behave as super-retarder and bring about retarding in the setting process of cement made with PG. Two types of solidified phosphogypsum (SPG) were prepared to solve those two problems. The strength and the water stability of the SPG were good enough to ensure that they may be conveyed easily and fed into the cement mill stably. The cements with SPG had a similar setting time and strength as cement made with natural gypsum (NG). The microstructure of two kinds of SPG were observed with SEM. During factory application of SPG, good techniques and economic benefits were obtained. 相似文献
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Guangzhou has ambitions to build itself into a world class metropolis by 2010. Sustainable development is the only way to achieve this magnificent goal. Based on the ecological perspective of sustainable development and the principles of ecosystem integrity, this paper develops an approach for evaluation of sustainable development in Guangzhou between 1986 and 1995. A hierarchical evaluation system of four tiers of sustainability indicators was established. Using the method of fuzzy multistage synthetic evaluation, sustainability development level index, QIx, was calculated for the indicators at the B, C, D, and E tiers. Development stages were identified based on these index values. The coordination degree among the economic, social, and natural subsystems was also computed. Further, an overall sustainability index for each year was computed by combining the development level index and the coordination degree. It was found that the urban ecosystem in Guangzhou had generally become more sustainable, in spite of fluctuations in coordination degree. The development level index of the economic subsystem has surpassed that of social and natural subsystems since 1995. Appropriate measures must be taken to ensure coordinated development among the subsystems for the purpose of sustainable development. 相似文献
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为了解决钢管酸洗废水污染环境和浪费资源难题,可用其生产聚合硫酸铁,从而实现循环经济。采用蒸发浓缩和催化聚合反应实现聚合硫酸铁的生成。其产品质量达《净水剂聚合硫酸铁》标准,可作为絮凝剂使用。研究和实践证明,用钢管酸洗废水制备聚合硫酸铁是可行的,具有明显的经济效益和环境效益,值得推广。 相似文献
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Acrylamide (AA) is a potential human carcinogen, genotoxicant, and neurotoxicant. Thus, the aim of this study was to examine the ability of mercapto flavor compounds to remove AA released from consumer packaging into food products. Four mercapto flavor compounds including 1,2-ethanedithiol, 1-butanethiol, 2-methyl-3-furanthiol, and 2-furanmethanethiol were employed to extract AA in model system using high temperature and low humidity. Our study showed that mercaptans were effective in eliminating AA in our model system. In order to remove 0.2 μmol AA, the optimal conditions in the reaction system were mercaptan flavor chemicals at 5 μmol, temperature 180 °C, and reaction time 25 min. In the presence of a higher pH, the greater was the amount of AA eliminated. Evidence indicates that employment of mercapto flavor chemicals under certain temperature and pH conditions is a reliable method to remove any unwanted AA from food products. 相似文献
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