突尼斯——全球荒漠化一隅

2006年6月19～21日，“荒漠化与干旱区国际研讨会：人类50年来干旱区问题回顾”在北非国家突尼斯召开。本欢会议是国际社会为纪念2006年“国际荒漠化年”而开展的重大活动之一。会议由突尼斯环境与可持续发展部、联合国教科文组织（UENSCO）、比利时政府联合发起．撒哈拉沙漠观测站（OSS）、全球环境基金（GEF）、联合茸荒漠化防治委员会（UNCCD）、联合国开发计划署（UNDP）、联合国粮农组织（FAO）等多家机构合办。来自世界各地的科学家、政府官员、国际组织的500多名代表出席了会议。     

浙赣皖相邻地区A_2型花岗岩

浙赣皖相邻地区燕山期大茅山、铜山、里山岭、黄山、伏岭等岩体主要由黑云母花岗岩组成，其中斜长石属钠长石和富钠更长石，黑云母呈它形填隙状，结晶晚于浅色矿物。岩石化学成分富ＳｉＯ_２（７３.９２％－７７.５５％）、富碱（Ｎａ_２Ｏ＋Ｋ_２Ｏ为７.８１％～８. ６７％），贫ＣａＯ（０.２６％-０.９２％）、ＭｇＯ（０—０.４５％）；微量元素中富集Ｙ、Ｎｂ、Ｚｒ等ＨＦＳＥ，贫过渡元素及Ｓｒ、Ｂａ；稀土配分曲线呈“海鸥型”。这些特点与区内及华南Ｉ型和Ｓ型花岗岩明显不同，而具有Ａ_２型花岗岩的典型特征。     

pH校正最小二乘紫外分光光度法同时测定喹啉异喹啉和萘

利用ｐＨ校正最小二乘算法（ｐＨ—ＣＬＳ）对焦化废水中的喹啉、异喹啉、萘三组分进行了同时测定。在２９０～３４０ｎｍ范围内苯酚、三甲基吡啶及苯系物不干优测定。ｐＨ—ＣＬＳ法既可简化分析步骤又可提高准确度。     

Experimental study on combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste

As incineration provides a relatively safe means of disposal, significant reduclaon ot welglat anti volume, ana energy recovery from the waste, it was adopted by many countries. For the experimental investigation on the combustion characteristics of municipal solid waste( MSW),a lab scale fluldized bed facility was constructed. Many kinds of combustion runs were conducted in this fluidized bed combustion facility. The examined parameters were bed temperature(773 to 1143K), form of fuels ( scrap or whole), moisture of fuels and so on. Concentration of CO2,CO,SO2, O2 and NOx in the flue gas were monitored and recorded every 5 seconds. The temperatttres along the reactor are recorded every 10 seconds. Experimental. results were given and analyzed.     

活性碳纤维处理含酚废水的研究

采用活性碳纤维处理苯酚模拟废水，通过静态和动态吸附研究，测定了吸附等温线动态穿透曲线，并研究了溶液的pH值、吸附平衡时间对处理效果的影响。结果表明，活性碳纤维对苯酚的吸 附容量为275.1mg/g，吸附速率快，当溶液pH＞8时，吸附效率下降，吸附时间存在最佳值。吸附饱和的活性碳纤维用10％的氢氧化钠溶液再生，重复使用3次，吸附效率无明显变化。     

西昆仑造山带花岗岩研究新进展

西昆仑造山带包括西昆仑山、喀喇昆仑山和帕米尔高原部分地区,是青藏高原有机组成部分.它位于古亚洲构造域与特提斯构造域结合部位,大地构造位置特殊,研究意义重要.区内岩浆活动强烈,花岗岩广泛出露.已有许多学者对该区花岗岩作过研究,但以往的研究基本沿中巴公路和新藏公路进行,并侧重于年代学方面,还没有从花岗岩岩石系列和成因类型(前人主要报道过钙碱性系列和Ⅰ型花岗岩)以及构造-岩浆演化等方面作深入研究.本次工作深入到西昆仑造山带腹地,对区内不同时期有代表性的22个花岗岩体进行了地质、地球化学综合研究,取得了如下重要进展和创新认识:     

Effects of biochars on the bioaccessibility of phenanthrene/pyrene/zinc/lead and microbial community structure in a soil under aerobic and anaerobic conditions

The immobilization of co-contaminants of organic and inorganic pollutants by biochar is an efficient remediation strategy. However, the effect of biochar amendments on the bioaccessibility of the co-contaminants in dry versus flooded soils has rarely been compared. In batch experiments, bamboo-derived biochar(BB) had a higher sorption capacity for phenanthrene(Phe)/pyrene(Pyr)/zinc(Zn) than corn straw-derived biochar(CB), while CB had a higher sorption capacity for lead(Pb) than BB. After 150 days of incubation, the amendments of 2% CB, 0.5% BB and 2% BB effectively suppressed the dissipation and reduced the bioaccessibility of Phe/Pyr by 15.65%/18.02%, 17.07%/18.31%and 25.43%/27.11%, respectively, in the aerobic soils. This effectiveness was more significant than that in the anaerobic soils. The accessible Zn/Pb concentrations were also significantly lower in the aerobic soils than in the anaerobic soils, regardless of treatments.The Gram-negative bacterial biomass and the Shannon–Weaver index in the aerobic soil amended with 2% CB were the highest. The soil microbial community structure was jointly affected by changes in the bioaccessibility of the co-contaminants and the soil physiochemical properties caused by biochar amendments under the two conditions. Therefore, dry land farming may be more reliable than paddy soil cultivation at reducing the bioaccessibility of Phe/Pyr/Zn/Pb and enhancing the soil microbial diversity in the short term.     

Influence of sodium dodecyl sulfate coating on adsorption of methylene blue by biochar from aqueous solution

Biochar is regarded as a promising new class of materials due to its multifunctional character and the possibility of effectively coupling different properties. With increasing introduction into the environment, environmental chemicals such as surfactants will load onto the released biochar and change its physicochemical characteristics and adsorption behavior toward pollutants. In this study, sodium dodecyl sulfate(SDS), as one type of anionic surfactant, was coated onto biochar with different loading amounts. The influence of SDS loading onto biochar's physicochemical properties were investigated by Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopy, elemental analysis, zeta potential and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller(BET) surface area and pore size distribution analysis. Results showed that the pore size of the biochar decreased gradually with the increase of SDS loading because of the surface-adsorption and pore-blocking processes; the p H of the point of zero charge(pHPZC) decreased with increasing SDS loading. Although surface-coating with SDS decreased the pore size of the biochar, its adsorption capacity toward Methylene Blue(MB) significantly increased. The biochar-bound SDS introduced functional groups and negative charges to the biochar surface, which could thus enhance the adsorption of MB via hydrogen bonding and electrostatic interaction. The results can shed light on the underlying mechanism of the influence of anionic surfactants on the adsorption of MB by biochar.     

Comparison of surface water chemistry and weathering effects of two lake basins in the Changtang Nature Reserve, China

The geochemistry of natural waters in the Changtang Nature Reserve,northern Tibet,can help us understand the geology of catchments,and provide additional insight in surface processes that influence water chemistry such as rock weathering on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau.However,severe natural conditions are responsible for a lack of scientific data for this area.This study represents the first investigation of the chemical composition of surface waters and weathering effects in two lake basins in the reserve(Lake Dogaicoring Qiangco and Lake Longwei Co).The results indicate that total dissolved solids(TDS)in the two lakes are significantly higher than in other gauged lakes on the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,reaching 20–40 g/L,and that TDS of the tectonic lake(Lake Dogaicoring Qiangco)is significantly higher than that of the barrier lake(Lake Longwei Co).Na+and Cl-are the dominant ions in the lake waters as well as in the glacier-fed lake inflows,with chemical compositions mainly affected by halite weathering.In contrast,ion contents of inflowing rivers fed by nearby runoff are lower and concentrations of dominant ions are not significant.Evaporite,silicate,and carbonate weathering has relatively equal effects on these rivers.Due to their limited scope,small streams near the lakes are less affected by carbonate than by silicate weathering.