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171.
生物焦炭滴滤塔降解苯乙烯废气的中试启动研究 总被引:2,自引:0,他引:2
苯乙烯废气既是一种挥发性有机化合物(VOCs),又属于我国恶臭气体控制的范围之内。其作为一种化工原料和有机溶剂广泛应用于工业生产中。生物法处理有机废气具有运行费用低和没有二次污染等优点。采用焦炭填料滴滤塔对苯乙烯废气的处理进行了中试启动研究。启动过程中,进气浓度范围是50—114mg/m^3,去除率为30%~45%左右,最高可达90%左右。所采用的焦炭填料可以认为是一种环境友好型填料,废弃后可作为燃料,值得推广。 相似文献
172.
Qiang Huang Jianzhong Song Ying Zhong Ping’an Peng Weilin Huang 《Environmental monitoring and assessment》2014,186(1):247-256
Organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) have variously been phased out in agricultural activities, but they are still widely detected in air, water, and soil systems due to their recalcitrant nature in the environment. The purposes of this study were to assess potential OCP pollution via dry and wet deposition over the fast developing Pearl River Delta area with 41,700 km2, where the main effort has been focused on emerging pollutants such as petroleum hydrocarbons and PM2.5. We quantified both the dry and wet deposition fluxes of 19 OCPs including dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethanes (DDTs), endosulfans (Endos), and hexachlorocyclohexanes (HCHs). The results showed that each year about 67.4, 42.0, 15.0, and 8.07 kg of total OCPs, DDTs, Endos, and HCHs were returned to the ground, among which 11.7, 10.4, 0.84, and 0.16 kg were in the dry deposition forms. The large spatial variations in OCP deposition fluxes indicated that OCP pollution in the air is mainly influenced on local scales because evaporation from local soil is likely the major source of the phased out OCPs. Source analysis indicated that DDTs may be still in use as antifouling agent and/or dicofol, but Endos and HCHs were mainly derived from the residual of historical usage. The study suggests that the historical OCP pollutants are persistent at high levels in this area and should not be overlooked, while we tackle emerging pollutants. 相似文献
173.
2株苯胺降解的分离鉴定及其降解特性研究 总被引:8,自引:0,他引:8
从处理印染废水的活性污泥中分离得到2株苯胺降解菌,从菌落、细胞形态、生理生化及16S rRNA基因扩增测序等方面对2株菌进行了鉴定,并比较分析2株菌在好氧与缺氧条件下的苯胺降解、偶氮染料脱色及苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因tdnQ和黄素还原酶基因(fre)的携带情况.结果表明,2株菌属于Pseudomonas属和Shewanella属,分别命名为Pseudomonas sp.AN30和Shewanella sp.DN425.AN30菌株在振荡好氧条件下72h内对250mg/L苯胺的降解率为96.1%,DN425菌株的降解率为13.8%;在静置缺氧条件下AN30菌株的苯胺降解率为39.6%,DN425菌株的降解率仅为8.6%.DN425菌株在静置缺氧条件下4h内可将初始浓度为50 mg/L的偶氮染料酸性大红彻底脱色,而AN30菌株对酸性大红不具有脱色能力.以总DNA为模板,分别用tdnQ基因和fre基因特异性引物进行扩增,2株菌均能扩增出大小分别为380bp和630bp左右的目标条带,显示2菌株均携带有苯胺脱氨氧化酶基因和黄素还原酶基因. 相似文献
174.
煤热解过程中无机有害元素的变迁规律 总被引:6,自引:1,他引:6
在自行设计的加压密闭快速热解反应器中研究了神华和义马煤中Na、K、Pb和Mn等无机有害元素在氮气条件下随温度(300℃-700℃)的变化规律,进一步考察了热解气氛(氮气、氢气和二氧化碳)、压力对神华煤中这4种元素逸出规律的影响。结果表明:Na、K、Pb和Mn等元素在半焦中的残留量随温度的升高而减少,减少量随煤种而异,如在700℃时,神华煤中Na、K、Pb和Mn的析出率分别是义马煤的3、4.2、1.4和2.4倍;低压快速加氢热解有利于这4种元素的逸出。Pb是挥发性最强的元素,与热力学计算结果一致。 相似文献
175.
上海市大气中PM10浓度的统计分析 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
以上海市2002年-2009年的PM10实测数据和同步气象资料为研究对象进行上海市PM10污染分析研究。对2002年-2009年的监测数据进行分析、归纳,得到了上海市可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度的季节变化规律、每日小时变化规律以及上海市不同地区可吸入颗粒物(PM10)浓度的分布特征,并对这种特征及变化规律进行了详尽地分析。研究表明上海市空气环境质量在逐年好转,其标志是累计超标污染天数每年减少5天;在一年当中,污染天数最多的是冬季,其次是春季,最少的是夏季;在空气环境质量逐年好转的大趋势下,针对其产生的原因进行了分析。 相似文献
176.
我国环境规划的回顾与展望 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
本文回顾了我国环境规划的发展历程,指出在我国环境规划是一门新兴的学科分支.20年来经过了孕育时期和探索时期,“七五”期间得到较快的发展进入了发展时期。环境规划成为我国环境科学和环境管理工作中的重要组成部分,在我国环境科学工作中发挥了先导作用。文章用大量实例总结了环境规划方法的进展,说明了随着环境规划的迅速发展,我国环境规划方法论也逐步得到完善和丰富,初步形成了一个完整的体系。文章最后展望了我国环境规划的发展趋势,分析了环境规划未来发展的新特点。 相似文献
177.
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179.
Chemical and colloidal analyses of natural seep water collected from the exploratory studies facility inside Yucca Mountain,Nevada, USA 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Cizdziel JV Guo C Steinberg SM Yu Z Johannesson KH 《Environmental geochemistry and health》2008,30(1):31-44
Yucca Mountain is being considered as a geological repository for the USA’s spent nuclear fuel and high-level nuclear waste.
Numerous groundwater seeps appeared during March 2005 within the exploratory studies facility (ESF), a tunnel excavated in
the mountain. Because of the relevance to radionuclide transport and unsaturated zone-modeling studies, we analyzed the seep
samples for major anions and cations, rare earth elements, and colloids. Major ion species and elemental concentrations in
seep samples reflect interaction of the water with the volcanic rock and secondary calcites. Elemental fractograms from flow-injection
field-flow fractionation ICP–MS scans detected Br, Ca, Cl, Cu, Fe, I, Mg, Si, Sr, W, and U at void fractions, suggesting they
may be present in the form of dissolved anions. Colloids approximately 10 nm in hydrodynamic diameter, possibly calcite, were
also present in the seepage samples. Geochemical calculations indicate, however, these may be an artifact (not present in
the groundwater) which arose because of loss of CO2 during sample collection and storage. 相似文献
180.
Zhuofei Du Min Hu Jianfei Peng Song Guo Rong Zheng Jing Zheng Dongjie Shang Yanhong Qin He Niu Mengren Li Yudong Yang Sihua Lu Yusheng Wu Min Shao Shijin Shuai 《环境科学学报(英文版)》2018,30(4):348-357
Light-duty gasoline vehicles have drawn public attention in China due to their significant primary emissions of particulate matter and volatile organic compounds(VOCs). However,little information on secondary aerosol formation from exhaust for Chinese vehicles and fuel conditions is available. In this study, chamber experiments were conducted to quantify the potential of secondary aerosol formation from the exhaust of a port fuel injection gasoline engine. The engine and fuel used are common in the Chinese market, and the fuel satisfies the China V gasoline fuel standard. Substantial secondary aerosol formation was observed during a 4–5 hr simulation, which was estimated to represent more than 10 days of equivalent atmospheric photo-oxidation in Beijing. As a consequence, the extreme case secondary organic aerosol(SOA) production was 426 ± 85 mg/kg-fuel, with high levels of precursors and OH exposure. The low hygroscopicity of the aerosols formed inside the chamber suggests that SOA was the dominant chemical composition. Fourteen percent of SOA measured in the chamber experiments could be explained through the oxidation of speciated single-ring aromatics. Unspeciated precursors, such as intermediate-volatility organic compounds and semi-volatile organic compounds, might be significant for SOA formation from gasoline VOCs. We concluded that reductions of emissions of aerosol precursor gases from vehicles are essential to mediate pollution in China. 相似文献