大气污染物对流垂直输送作用的探讨

利用一个欧拉型硫沉降模式探讨了积云对硫污染物的对流垂直输送作用．结果表明,积云引起的垂直气流是造成大气污染物浓度分布及输送通量变化的重要因素．对流垂直输送可使硫污染物在高层出现大浓度区,浓度的增加率为５０％—４００％,中层和低层的浓度相应也有所变化．积云区内南北剖面上的通量也因对流输送作用在高层出现了大值中心．     

A numerical study of summer ozone concentration over the Kanto area of Japan using the MM5/CMAQ model

We assessed the ability of the MM5/CMAQ model to predict ozone (O3) air quality over the Kanto area and to investigate the factors that a ect simulation of O3. We find that the coupled MM5/CMAQ model is a useful tool for the analysis of urban environmental problems. The simulation results were compared with observational data and were found to accurately replicate most of the important observed characteristics. The initial and boundary conditions were found to have a significant e ect on simulated O3 concentrations. The results show that on hot and dry days with high O3 concentration, the CMAQ model provides a poor simulation of O3 maxima when using initial and boundary conditions derived from the CMAQ default data. The simulation of peak O3 concentrations is improved with the JCAP initial and boundary conditions. On mild days, the default CMAQ initial and boundary conditions provide a more realistic simulation. Meteorological conditions also have a strong impact on the simulated distribution and accumulation of O3 concentrations in this area. Low O3 concentrations are simulated during mild weather conditions, and high concentrations are predicted during hot and dry weather. By investigating the e ects of di erent meteorological conditions on each model process, we find that advection and di usion di er the most between the two meteorological regimes. Thus, di erences in the winds that govern the transport of O3 and its precursors are likely the most important meteorological drivers of ozone concentration over the central Kanto area.     

兰州西固工业区夏季光化学烟雾污染的气象条件

通过对兰州西固工业区光化学烟雾污染规律与气象条件的关系的研究表明,在高空槽后的低空弱高压控制下,西固区出现高的臭氧浓度值,此时大气层结稳定,风很小,天气晴朗,但中午有浓重烟雾,臭氧浓度峰值在中午出现。该区盆地内形成的光化学烟雾烟团水平面积达几十公里,臭氧浓度的日变化取决于太阳总辐射和大气边界层的日变化。     

新型汽车尾气净化催化剂的研究

研究Ｌａ－Ｃｏ－Ｃｕ－Ｍｎ－Ｃｅ－Ｐｄ催化剂的活性和热稳定性,结果表明,该催化剂具有低温活性良好、活性高以及热稳定性好的性能特点,对ＣＯ、ＨＣ氧化的Ｔ５０％和Ｔ１００％分别约为１８２℃,２３８℃和２４０℃、２６５℃,催化剂表面组分发生强相互作用形成３种活性中心,是催化剂低的起燃温度,高活性的原因。催化剂高温处理后未发生烧结,活性未下降,热稳定性良好。     

南方小流域典型水污染调查研究

某河流的污染状况在南方小流域中具有普遍性。本研究通过传统调查分析＋卫星遥感监测的技术手段,摸清掌握该河流各主要断面水质污染状况及流域内各类污染源的排放情况,在此基础上对水质污染程度、污染特征及污染成因进行了分析评价。调查表明,该流域水质污染程度与降水量密切相关,生活污水是水体污染的主要来源,治理的关键在于截污,同时要解决一定的补水问题。研究结果可为该流域环境综合整治提供必要的技术支持,研究方法可为今后开展类似小流域污染调查提供可行借鉴。     

混凝法处理锰矿选矿废水的试验研究

选取聚合氯化铝（PAC）、聚合硫酸铁（PFS）、聚丙烯酰胺（PAM）和六水合氯化铁（FC）4种常用混凝剂,采用正交试验,以去浊率与去锰率作为综合评价指标,探讨了不同混凝剂处理锰矿选矿废水的效果及最佳混凝条件。结果表明：在以上混凝剂中,FC的混凝效果较差;PAM对锰矿选矿废水的处理效果最优,最佳的混凝条件为：处理500 ml的废水,投加1.5 ml的PAM,pH为7.0,搅拌后沉降20 min,废水经处理后去浊率与去锰率分别为96%、92%,其中废水的pH及投药量对混凝效果的影响较大。     

喀喇昆仑-昆仑山昆虫区系

喀喇昆仑-昆仑山昆虫区系属于典型的古北区性质,古北种占53.93％,中亚成分占16.85％,北坡受中亚成分影响大,南坡占有多数的高山成分。这一地域昆虫区系的形成和演替与其地质历史密切相关。由于印度板块不断向北挤压,喀喇昆仑-昆仑山强烈抬升,随着塔里木盆地的形成,地域性的昆虫区系便产生了,并有其特有成分的分化:亚种级的分化,种级的分化甚至属级的分化     

农垦与放牧对内蒙古草原N2O、CO2排放和CH4吸收的影响

利用优选静态箱/气相色谱法(GC),首次对我国内蒙古草原典型地区进行了人类活动对N₂O、CO₂和CH₄交换通量影响的实验观测结果表明,农垦麦田N₂O平均排放通量比原始草原高出3倍,并改变了草甸草原为CO₂汇的性质,使其季节排放净通量以C计增加14.3 mg·(m²·h).随放牧强度的增加CO₂排放通量呈线性增长,轻牧会引起草原对CH₄吸收的大幅增加,而随着放牧压力的增大,增加值迅速回落.农垦麦田与草甸草原相比地-气间CH₄交换无显著变化,放牧强度对N₂O排放影响无显著规律.土壤湿度和温度是影响草原排放N₂O和CO₂、吸收CH4季节变化形式的关键因子,而人类活动仅影响排放强度.排放和吸收量年际间差异很大,但主要受降水的影响.N₂O和CO₂排放与CH₄吸收峰值相反现象普遍存在.     

环境资源禀赋视角下产业升级路径研究——以浙江为例

本研究以浙江省为例,立足环境资源禀赋的优势和不足,进行产业发展现状和环境资源禀赋的相容性分析,剖析产业发展存在的问题,探索新时期环境资源禀赋支撑产业升级的路径与模式,提出浙江省基于环境资源禀赋的产业发展原则和思路,要支持发展符合环境资源条件和顺应产业发展规律的优质产业,限制发展不符合环境资源条件的低端产业,建议重点发展知识技术密集型产业、海洋经济和临港产业、生态休闲养生产业、现代大农业,并积极推进传统产业转型发展.     

Effect of reclaimed water effluent on bacterial community structure in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil of urbanized riverside wetland, China

In order to evaluate the impact of reclaimed water on the ecology of bacterial communities in the Typha angustifolia L. rhizosphere soil,bacterial community structure was investigated using a combination of terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism and 16S rRNA gene clone library. The results revealed significant spatial variation of bacterial communities along the river from upstream and downstream. For example,a higher relative abundance of γ-Proteobacteria,Firmicutes,Chloroflexi and a lower proportion ofβ-Proteobacteria and ε-Proteobacteria was detected at the downstream site compared to the upstream site. Additionally,with an increase of the reclaimed water interference intensity,the rhizosphere bacterial community showed a decrease in taxon richness,evenness and diversity. The relative abundance of bacteria closely related to the resistant of heavy-metal was markedly increased,while the bacteria related for carbon/nitrogen/phosphorus/sulfur cycling wasn't strikingly changed. Besides that,the pathogenic bacteria markedly increased in the downstream rhizosphere soil since reclaimed water supplement,while the possible plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria obviously reduced in the downstream sediment.Together these data suggest cause and effect between reclaimed water input into the wetland,shift in bacterial communities through habitat change,and alteration of capacity for biogeochemical cycling of contaminants.