Preface

Anthropogenic emissions impact significantly the atmospheric environment which human being relies on, e.g., global warming, stratospheric ozone depletion, photochemical smog, acid rain, haze and so on. Although clean air actions have been legislated by many nations to mitigate pollutants＇ emission with the aim of protecting the atmospheric environment, serious air pollution events are frequently observed in different regions, especially in developing countries. To best evaluate the effect of various control measures as well as the influence of various pollutants on the atmospheric environment, the levels, sources and sinks of the pollutants are needed to be comprehensively investigated. Since atmospheric environment involves multidisciplinary approach, scientists with different disciplines together can provide profound understandings about the atmospheric environmental problems. Sino-French Workshop on Atmospheric Environment is just one of such platforms to join scientists together for collaboration, exchange of experience and ideas.     

电芬顿反应原理研究进展

电芬顿法作为一种新型电化学氧化技术,因其强氧化能力以及环境友好的特性引起了国内外的广泛关注.电芬顿反应通过电极产生H2O2和（或）Fe2＋,进行一系列反应生成具有强氧化能力的羟基自由基·OH.为了提高电子传递速度,产生更多芬顿试剂,国内外学者研发出不同类型的电芬顿反应器.通过分析电芬顿反应中·OH浓度与有机物浓度间的关系,大多数学者在准一级反应动力学基础上确定了反应常数,然而,目前其应用仍只停留在实验室阶段,电芬顿技术的效率及机理仍需要进一步研究改进.     

燃煤电厂清洁生产审核应用探讨

作为国家明确要求开展清洁生产审核行业之一,某燃煤电厂依据清洁生产审核思路,从原辅料和能源、技术工艺、过程控制、设备、管理、员工、产品、废物生产过程的八个方面,按照审核准备、预审核、审核、方案产生和筛选、方案确定、方案实施、持续清洁生产七个实施阶段在企业内部开展清洁生产审核工作,实现了本轮清洁生产目标,并取得了显著的环境效益和经济效益。     

环草隆与镉复合污染对城市绿地重金属污染土壤有机氮矿化量、基础呼吸和土壤酶活性的影响

环草隆是北方城市应用较为广泛的一种草坪除草剂,重金属镉是土壤中常见的重要污染物,二者在土壤生态系统中存在联合暴露的潜在风险。为了准确评价城市绿地土壤重金属和农药复合污染的生态风险,选择不同重金属污染程度的土壤为研究对象,在室内模拟条件下,探讨了环草隆与镉复合污染对土壤有机氮矿化量、基础呼吸及土壤酶活性的影响。研究发现:环草隆与镉复合污染对各试验指标的影响均达到极显著水平(P0.01);与镉复合污染能明显改变环草隆的微生物毒性效应,并且Cd对环草隆毒性效应的影响与二者浓度配比有很大关系,Cd浓度由1 mg·kg-1升高到10 mg·kg-1,环草隆浓度与样点G土壤有机氮矿化量变化率的线性关系由正相关变为负相关;复合污染下,根据剂量-效应关系计算的EC50值27.6~848mg·kg-1,远远高于环草隆草坪建议施用量(3.33 mg·kg-1);土壤中环草隆与镉复合污染的联合毒性效应受土壤理化性质及重金属含量影响较大,另外,二者复合效应也会随污染物浓度及试验指标的不同而不同。以上研究结果能够为城市土壤重金属和除草剂复合污染生态风险评价提供基础数据和技术方法。     

燃煤型砷中毒的最低有效累积暴露剂量初探

以陕南燃煤型砷中毒病区的5个自然村为调查采样点,通过现场流行病学调查和环境样品的分析测定,分析砷暴露人群的砷暴露途径,估算各暴露途径(呼吸、饮水和食物)的暴露剂量及对总暴露的贡献率,探讨引发燃煤型地方性砷中毒发病的最低有效暴露剂量。研究结果表明,除对照村外,采暖季各村的烤火间和卧室空气砷含量均有不同程度的超标,水和粮食未受燃煤砷污染。在采暖季,高砷煤燃烧污染的空气是人群砷暴露的主要来源;在非采暖季消化道砷暴露是各村的主要摄砷途径;提示消化道暴露对累积砷暴露的贡献不容忽视。结合问卷调查和流行病学调查结果,估算陕南病区引发燃煤型砷中毒的最低累积暴露剂量在1 712 mg左右。     

Effects of prenatal caffeine exposure on glucose homeostasis of adult offspring rats

Epidemiological evidences show that prenatal caffeine exposure (PCE) could induce intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). The IUGR offspring also present glucose intolerance and type 2 diabetes mellitus after maturity. We have previously demonstrated that PCE induced IUGR and increased susceptibility to adult metabolic syndrome in rats. This study aimed to further investigate the effects of PCE on glucose homeostasis in adult offspring rats. Pregnant rats were administered caffeine (120 mg/kg/day, intragastrically) from gestational days 11 to 20. PCE offspring presented partial catch-up growth pattern after birth, characterizing by the increased body weight gain rates. Meanwhile, PCE had no significant influences on the basal blood glucose and insulin phenotypes of adult offspring but increased the glucose tolerance, glucose-stimulated insulin section and β cell sensitivity to glucose in female progeny. The insulin sensitivity of both male and female PCE offspring were enhanced accompanied with reduced β cell fraction and mass. Western blotting results revealed that significant augmentation in protein expression of hepatic insulin signaling elements of PCE females, including insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate 1 (IRS-1) and the phosphorylation of serine–threonine protein kinase (Akt), was also potentiated. In conclusion, we demonstrated that PCE reduced the pancreatic β mass but increased the glucose tolerance in adult offspring rats, especially for females. The adaptive compensatory enhancement of β cell responsiveness to glucose and elevated insulin sensitivity mainly mediated by upregulated hepatic insulin signaling might coordinately contribute to the increased glucose tolerance.     

不同盐度下活性污泥中微生物群落变化规律及其处理模拟染料废水

通过逐渐提高SBR反应器中活性污泥的盐度,探索不同盐度下活性污泥的活性、性质及其微生物群落变化,并研究结晶紫废水以及纳米四氧化三铁对微生物群落的影响.结果表明,随着盐度的增加,活性污泥的COD、氨氮去除率以及污泥体积指数SVI值均降低,在质量分数2%的盐度下,COD、NH_4~+-N的去除率为80%和75%,SVI值不足35 mL·g~(-1);随着盐度的增加微生物的多样性逐渐减少,系统中革兰氏阴性菌优势菌种的位置逐渐被真菌和放线菌取代,而革兰氏阳性菌依然为优势菌;加入结晶紫染料的活性污泥与盐度为2%的活性污泥样品相比发现:红细菌属、丽水菌属含量有所增加,产黄杆菌、农杆菌属含量减小.加入MNPs的结晶紫-活性污泥与不加MNPs的结晶紫活性污泥对比:酸胞菌属、产黄杆菌含量增加,红细菌属、农杆菌属含量减小.     

石化销售企业工程建设施工安全监管应用研究

分析了石化销售企业施工现场安全管理的现状以及产生的原因,针对上述问题提出了加强工程施工安全监管的建议和相关管理措施。     

一元有机酸的络合萃取研究

本文考察了不同稀释剂中磷酸三丁酯（ＴＢＰ）和甲基异丁基酮（ＭＩＢＫ）的甲酸，乙酸，丙酸，丁酸及氯乙酸，二氯乙酸和三氯乙酸等一元有机酸的萃取，萃取反应属中性络合萃取机理，有机相中生成１：１的萃合物，同时，探讨了各因素（有机酸种类、稀释剂性质、温度和无机盐）对萃取的影响，得到了萃取反应的平衡常数，热力学函数和萃取性能与有机酸性质间的关系方程等。