γ中尺度单体合并在昭通小河镇"201O.7.13"灾害性天气中的特征分析

低纬度高原特殊地形影响下的云和降水与其它地区相比有一些独特的情形,中-y尺度暴雨就是特征鲜明的一类,由此系统引发的降水突发性较强,常造成灾害.利用常规高空资料、卫星资料、加密乡镇雨量站资料和新一代多普勒雷达资料,对2010年7月13日云南昭通小河镇灾害性天气分析发现:短时性、高强度,在降水开始的1 h左右就达到暴雨量级...     

风险社会下的政府环境责任刍议

随着人类逐步迈入风险社会,生态环境事故产生的诱因更多地集中于科学技术,且对相关事故进行责任认定难度巨大.政府在处理相关问题时可能面对经济发展和环境保护相冲突以及决策的知识性匮乏等问题,这就要求在新社会背景下从积极和消极两方面对政府的环境责任进行有效的重构.     

陕西公路边坡灾害危险性分区研究

针对陕西公路边坡灾害频发且存在区域分异的状况,对陕西公路边坡灾害进行了危险性分区研究。结合公路边坡地质与水毁灾害类型特点,分析了致灾因素,选取了危险性评价指标体系;采用云模型-AHP法和因素叠加法,计算了评价指标权重并构建了危险性评价数值计算模型;基于Arc GIS10.0软件计算生成了《陕西公路边坡灾害危险度图》,灾害危险度范围[1.4,8.375],并以危险度为指标,划分了极高[7,8.375]、高[6,7)、中[4.5,6)、低[3,4.5)、轻微[1.4,3)5种危险等级15个灾害区,其中:极高危险区为大巴山北坡地区,途径国道有G108、G210、G316,分区结果与公路边坡灾害实际相符。     

太湖流域地区开展农村环境连片整治的探索

农村环境连片整治以解决区域性突出环境问题为目的,对地域空间上相对聚集在一起的多个村庄实施同步、集中整治是使环境问题得到有效解决的治理方式。本文阐述了农村环境问题的现状及开展农村环境保护的背景,从农村环境连片整治的特点出发,以常州武进区雪堰镇农村环境综合整治示范点成功开展整治工作为例,进行太湖流域地区开展农村环境连片整治的探索,并总结了在太湖流域地区成功开展农村环境连片整治的建议及农村环保工作的导向。     

Study on the optical property and surface morphology of N doped TiO2 film deposited with different N2 flow rates by DCPMS

N doped TiO₂ films were deposited by direct current pulse magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. By using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope, we studied the influence of N₂ flow rate on the optical property and surface morphology of films. The results indicate that the optical property and surface morphology of N doped TiO₂ film was dominated by the N₂ flow rate. The mean absorbency in visible range of pure TiO₂ films is near to 0%, which means that the pure TiO₂ could hardly display the photocatalytic property in visible range. When N₂ flow rate is 2 sccm, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film could reach at 24%. In this case, the film could be used as photocatalyst induced by visible light. While with increasing N₂ flow rate, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film decreased abruptly. Especially when N₂ flow rate exceeded 8 sccm, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film decreased to about 0%, which is like pure TiO₂ fimls.     

北京市再生水相关政策的评估与研究

为缓解城市水资源供需矛盾,回收再利用市政污水日益得到广泛关注.北京市作为最早实践再生水利用的城市之一,其市政污水再利用率已达约60%.为更好地促进北京市再生水的推广与管理,明晰北京市再生水相关政策在发展过程中存在的优势与问题,本文采用环境政策评估、调查问卷、统计分析等方法,对北京市再生水相关政策的目标、政策要素及政策实施效果进行了解析与评估.结果表明,北京市以污水回用为主题的政策仅有3部,随着再生水发展阶段的演进,其目标经历了"处置废水-节约用水-设施建设-推广利用"的调整,再生水行动目标随着政策针对主题和发展阶段不同而表现差异;政策要素的优化改进与时代、社会经济发展程度、对生态环境的重视程度等3个因子息息相关,在顶层设计、功能设置、动机、手段分配等方面欠缺考虑;政策目标的科学化较受认可但其实践完成效果受到质疑,教育程度与收入对调查结果呈显著影响.     

Study on the optical property and surface morphology of N doped TiO2 film deposited with different N2 flow rates by DCPMS

N doped TiO₂ films were deposited by direct current pulse magnetron sputtering system at room temperature. By using UV-Vis spectrophotometer and atomic force microscope, we studied the influence of N₂ flow rate on the optical property and surface morphology of films. The results indicate that the optical property and surface morphology of N doped TiO₂ film was dominated by the N₂ flow rate. The mean absorbency in visible range of pure TiO₂ films is near to 0%, which means that the pure TiO₂ could hardly display the photocatalytic property in visible range. When N₂ flow rate is 2 sccm, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film could reach at 24%. In this case, the film could be used as photocatalyst induced by visible light. While with increasing N₂ flow rate, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film decreased abruptly. Especially when N₂ flow rate exceeded 8 sccm, the mean absorbency in visible range of N doped TiO₂ film decreased to about 0%, which is like pure TiO₂ fimls.     

The levels, sources and reactivity of volatile organic compounds in a typical urban area of Northeast China

Air concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were continually measured at a monitoring site in Shenyang from 20 August to 16 September 2017. The average concentrations of alkanes, alkenes, aromatics and carbonyls were 28.54, 6.30, 5.59 and 9.78 ppbv, respectively. Seven sources were identified by the Positive Matrix Factorization model based on the measurement data of VOCs and CO. Vehicle exhaust contributed the most (36.15%) to the total propene-equivalent concentration of the measured VOCs, followed by combustion emission (16.92%), vegetation emission and secondary formation (14.33%), solvent usage (10.59%), petrochemical industry emission (9.89%), petrol evaporation (6.28%), and liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) usage (5.84%). Vehicle exhaust, solvent usage and combustion emission were found to be the top three VOC sources for O₃ formation potential, accounting for 34.52%, 16.55% and 11.94%, respectively. The diurnal variation of the total VOCs from each source could be well explained by their emission characteristics, e.g., the two peaks of VOC concentrations from LPG usage were in line with the cooking times for breakfast and lunch. Wind rose plots of the VOCs from each source could reveal the possible distribution of the sources around the monitoring site. The O₃ pollution episodes during the measurement period were found to be coincident with the elevation of VOCs, which was mainly due to the air parcel from the southeast direction where petrochemical industry emission was found to be dominant, suggesting that the petrochemical industry emission from the southeast was probably a significant cause of O₃ pollution in Shenyang.     

微生物修复大庆采油区湿地石油污染实验研究

通过在大庆湿地采油区野外实验点对Лейнол、Дестройл两种俄罗斯石油降解微生物制剂本土测试,验证其石油污染湿地修复的效果。采用单因子污染指数与综合污染指数表征方法,评价不同实验方案处理后大庆采油区湿地水体的污染程度变化,比较不同实验方式的效果,确定理想的湿地水体石油污染降解方式。结果表明,以两种生物制剂等量混合达到湿地水体石油污染降解效果最佳。并以实验地为例,讨论了大庆油田湿地石油污染以微生物修复为主的修复方案必须注意的一些问题。     

基于遥感技术的城市污水处理厂热岛效应研究

热岛效应已成为城市化发展中影响局地气候变化的重要因素之一.作为城市必要基础设施的一部分,城市污水处理厂对全球性气候变化的影响受到了广泛关注和研究,而对局地气候变化的影响却鲜有研究.文章首次尝试利用Landsat卫星遥感图像对1995年-2013年间苏州市11座城市污水处理厂进行了热岛效应研究,并对影响因素进行了初步分析.结果发现,11座城市污水处理厂热岛强度在18年间整体上增加了48％;从时间维度上来看,在污水处理厂施工建设或升级改造阶段,热岛强度都偏高.而根据回归分析发现,城市地表平均温度、污水处理厂的施工建设状态和主体处理工艺与WHII具有显著正相关性.