Indicating landfill stabilization state by using leachate property from Laogang Refuse Landfill

Variation and evolution process of leachate can be applied as a reference for landfill stabilization phase. In this work, leachates with different ages were collected from Laogang Refuse Landfill, and characterized with 14 key parameters. Simultaneously, principal component analysis （PCA） was applied to develop a synthetic parameter-F based on these 14 parameters, and a logarithm equation was simulated for the landfill stabilization process finally. It was predicted that leachates would meet Class I and Class II in standard for pollution control on the landfill site of municipal solid waste （GB 16889-1997） after 32 years and 22 years disposal under the natural attenuation in the humid and warm southern areas of China, respectively. The predication of landfill state would be more accurate and useful according to the synthetic parameter F of leachate from a working landfill.     

2012年全球地震灾害概要

2012年是近百年来全球地震的轻灾年.根据本年度国内外地震灾害资料,总结出2012年全球地震灾害的主要数据和“双震”成灾、沿“地球脐带”的分布特征.     

珠三角工业城市污染物入河量空间特征分析

以东莞市第一次全国污染源普查成果为数据基础,调查估算2010年东莞市33个镇街和25个水功能区的COD、氨氮入河量,并应用GIS技术及相关分析法分析污染物入河量空间分布特征及其影响因素。研究发现：①东莞市各镇街及水功能区的污染物入河量呈明显不均匀分布,人口、GDP是影响污染物入河量空间分布的主要因素。②河网区、非河网区镇街的工业污染物入河量与GDP均呈较好的正相关关系,但非河网区单位污染物入河量GDP产出拟合曲线斜率是河网区的31倍,显示河网区镇街每增长单位污染物入河量所产生的GDP远远小于非河网区,河网区镇街往往付出巨大的污染代价而经济增长却非常有限。     

砂柱对济南城市屋面雨水径流净化效果的试验

针对屋面雨水回灌裂隙岩溶含水层要求快速量大和水质要求高的特点,设计了相适宜的砂滤柱.采用室内砂滤试验研究了济南市屋面雨水径流回灌裂隙岩溶含水层之前的雨水净化效果.结果表明,砂柱对屋面雨水径流污染物有明显的去除效果,浊度的平均去除率达到87%,悬浮物的平均去除率达到70%以上,对色度、挥发酚、Pb和Zn也有一定的去除效果,对NH3-N、NO2-N的去除效果较差.浊度、色度和悬浮物等大部分污染物的去除主要集中在上层完成,因此,砂柱的上层需要定期更换.     

Stabilization of Cd-, Pb-, Cu- and Zn-contaminated calcareous agricultural soil using red mud: a field experiment

Red mud (RM) was used to remediate heavy metal-contaminated soils. Experiments with two different dosages of RM added to soils were carried out in this study. It was found that soil pH increased 0.3 and 0.5 unit with the dosage of 3 and 5% (wt%), respectively. At the dosage of 5%, the highest stabilization efficiencies for Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn reached 67.95, 64.21, 43.73 and 63.73%, respectively. The addition of RM obviously transferred Cd from the exchangeable fraction to the residual fraction. Meanwhile, in comparison with the control (no RM added), it reduced 24.38, 49.20, 19.42 and 8.89% of Cd, Pb, Cu and Zn in wheat grains at the RM addition dosage of 5%, respectively. At the same time, the yield of wheat grains increased 17.81 and 24.66% at the RM addition dosage of 3 and 5%, respectively. Finally, the addition of RM did not change the soil bacterial community. These results indicate that RM has a great potential in stabilizing heavy metals in calcareous agricultural soils.

     

氟离子慢性暴露对中国林蛙蝌蚪生长发育的毒性效应研究

氟元素以不同的结合形式广泛存在于自然界中,适量氟的摄取有益于龋齿预防和骨骼发育,然而过量氟的摄取会对动物及人体健康造成危害。近年来,大量的人类活动导致水环境中氟含量持续升高。为探究水域氟污染对中国林蛙的毒性影响,本研究以中国林蛙(Rana chensinensis)胚胎为试验材料,对卵黄栓期(G12期)胚胎进行了0、0.7、4.2、19.4、42.8 mg·L~(-1)F-慢性水体暴露直至胚胎发育到变态高峰期(G42期)的研究。分别于暴露25 d和40 d后取样测定了蝌蚪全长、体长、体重和发育分期;此外,分析了F-慢性暴露对变态率、G42期蝌蚪的全长、体长、体重和后肢长以及G42期蝌蚪骨骼发育的影响。结果表明:暴露25 d时,4.2 mg·L~(-1)F-处理组促进了林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育,而42.8 mg·L~(-1)F-处理组显著抑制了蝌蚪的生长发育;暴露40 d时,19.4 mg·L~(-1)F-和42.8 mg·L~(-1)F-处理组蝌蚪的生长发育均受到显著抑制。持续进行慢性暴露78 d后,4.2 mg·L~(-1)F-处理组蝌蚪的变态率显著升高,而42.8 mg·L~(-1)F-处理组蝌蚪的变态率受到了显著抑制。此外,42.8 mg·L~(-1)F-处理组G42期蝌蚪形态指标(全长、体长和后肢长)以及骨骼发育均受到抑制。依据G42期中国林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育指标和变态率为观察指标,氟离子慢性暴露对中国林蛙蝌蚪的最低可观察效应浓度(LOEC)为0.7 mg·L~(-1)。研究表明,水环境中高浓度的氟污染会对中国林蛙蝌蚪的生长发育、变态和骨骼发育等造成潜在的不利影响,水体氟污染的生态毒性效应理应引起高度重视。     

绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术

运用生态学原理设计绿色建筑小区已逐渐成为潮流,节水与水资源利用的问题正日益受到关注。绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用技术集成优化了小区雨水收集与分散处理系统、雨水集中收集与处理系统、雨水渗透系统等技术,具有投资省、处理效果好、管理方便等优点,适合为今后的绿色建筑小区雨水资源化综合利用建设参考。     

佳木斯市粉煤灰资源综合利用可行性分析

通过分析佳木斯市粉煤灰的产生量和主要用途,探讨粉煤灰综合利用的方法及原理,从而解决佳木斯市粉煤灰对环境的影响,变废为宝,实现固体废弃物的减量化、资源化、无害化.目的是解决建筑的填埋造成土地的不可复耕,破坏生态和粉煤灰的填埋产生的渗滤液对地下水的威胁.使固体废物综合利用项目可以收到良好的社会效益、经济效益、环境效益,阐述在佳木斯市投资粉煤灰综合利用项目的的可行性.     

Spatial-temporal analysis of wetland landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta

The influence of anthropogenic activities,especially artificial dykes,on the coastal wetland landscape is now considered as a serious problem to the coastal ecosystem.It is important and necessary to analyze changes of coastal landscape pattern under the influence of artificial dykes for the protection and management of coastal wetland.Our study aimed to reveal the quantitative characteristics of the coastal wetland landscape and its spatial-temporal dynamics under the influence of artificial dykes in the Yellow River delta(YRD).It was analyzed by the methods of the statistical analysis of landscape structure,five selected landscape indices and the changes of spatial centroids of three typical wetland types,including reed marshes,tidal fiats and aquaculture-salt fields.The results showed that:(1)Reduction of wetland area,especially the degradation of natural wetlands,had been the principal problem since the dykes were constructed in the YRD.The dykes created conditions for the development of artificial wetlands.However,the new born artificial wetlands were still less than the vanished natural wetlands.(2)Compared with the open area,the building of artificial dykes significantly speeded up the changes of landscape patterns and the aggravation of the landscape fragmentation in the closed area.(3)The changes of area-weighted centroids of three typical wetland landscapes were greatly affected by dykes,and the movement of the centroid of the aquaculture-salt field was very sensitive to the dykes constructed in the corresponding period.     

Research on Tourism Competitiveness of Chinese Island Counties: Based on Factor and Cluster Analysis

Abstract

From the perspective of tourism competitiveness, the paper takes 12 island counties of China as the research object, and applies the method of factor analysis to study their competitiveness. The result shows that Putuo and Dinghai are more competitive while Pingtan and Nan’ao are less competitive. Finally, the 12 island counties are divided into four styles: first-class competitive county (Putuo), seond-class competitive counties (Dinghai,Yuhuan), third-class competitive counties (Chongming, Daishan, Changdao, Changhai and Shengsi), fourth-class competitive counties (Dongshan, Dongtou, Pingtan and Nan’ao) by cluster analysis. The classification of island counties is to clear their relative position, then to promote their development.