The characteristics of nitrate removal by the psychrotolerant denitrifying bacterium Acinetobacter johnonii DBP-3, isolated from a low-temperature eutrophic body of water

A psychrotolerant denitrifying bacterial strain, DBP-3, was isolated from a eutrophic body of water by low-temperature-oriented acclimation culture. Based on its morphologicalandbiochemicalcharacteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence, the bacterium was identified as belonging to the genus Acinetobacter and closely related to A. johnonii. The satisfactory growth of DBP-3 was observed at 10–30°C and pH 7–9. Strain DBP-3 was able to utilize three types of carbon sources (sodium acetate > sodium citrate > glucose) to support growth and denitrification. DBP-3 grew faster, but with lower nitrate removal efficiency and higher nitrite accumulation, under aerobic conditions than under anoxic conditions. DBP-3 was extremely susceptible to tetracycline and rifampicine and less sensitive to ampicillin and penicillin. The growth of DBP-3 was significantly affected by Hg (II), Cr (VI), Pb (II), Cd (II), and As (III) at 0.32, 0.63, 1.25, 2.5, and 25.0 mg L^?1, respectively. Interestingly, chromium (VI) significantly promoted DBP-3 growth at concentrations lower than 0.32 mg L^?1. These data may be helpful to support the use of strain DBP-3 in the purification of eutrophic water bodies at low temperatures.     

Differential Effects of Legume Species on the Recovery of Soil Microbial Communities, and Carbon and Nitrogen Contents, in Abandoned Fields of the Loess Plateau, China

Plant–soil interactions are known to influence a wide range of ecosystem-level functions. Moreover, the recovery of these functions is of importance for the successful restoration of soils that have been degraded through intensive and/or inappropriate land use. Here, we assessed the effect of planting treatments commonly used to accelerate rates of grassland restoration, namely introduction of different legume species Medicago sativa, Astragalus adsurgens, Melilotus suaveolens, on the recovery of soil microbial communities and carbon and nitrogen contents in abandoned fields of the Loess Plateau, China. The results showed effects were species-specific, and either positive, neutral or negative depending on the measure and time-scale. All legumes increased basal respiration and metabolic quotient and had a positive effect on activity and functional diversity of the soil microbial community, measured using Biolog EcoPlate. However, soil under Astragalus adsurgens had the highest activity and functional diversity relative to the other treatments. Soil carbon and nitrogen content and microbial biomass were effectively restored in 3–5?years by introducing Medicago sativa and Astragalus adsurgens into early abandoned fields. Soil carbon and nitrogen content were retarded in 3–5?years and microbial biomass was retarded in the fifth year by introducing Melilotus suaveolens. Overall, the restoration practices of planting legumes can significantly affect soil carbon and nitrogen contents, and the biomass, activity, and functional diversity of soil microbial community. Therefore, we propose certain legume species could be used to accelerate ecological restoration of degraded soils, hence assist in the protection and preservation of the environment.     

Sorption of tylosin on clay minerals

The equilibrium sorption of tylosin (TYL) on kaolinite and montmorillonite was measured at different solution pH using batch reactor systems. The results showed that all the sorption isotherms were nonlinear and that the nonlinearity decreased as the solution pH increased for a given clay. At a specific aqueous concentration, the single-point sorption distribution coefficient (K_D) of TYL decreased rapidly as the solution pH increased. A speciation-dependent sorption model that accounted for the contributions of the cationic and neutral forms of TYL fit the data well, suggesting that the sorption may be dominated by both ion exchange and hydrophobic interactions. The isotherm data also fit well to a dual mode model that quantifies the contributions of a site-limiting Langmuir component (ion exchange) and a non-specific linear partitioning component (hydrophobic interactions). X-ray diffraction analyses revealed that the interlayers of montmorillonite were expanded due to the uptake of TYL. TYL molecules likely form a monolayer surface coverage.     

发光细菌法在水质综合毒性在线检测中的应用

以海洋发光细菌费氏弧菌（Vibriofischeri）作为检测生物,采用冻干菌粉快速复苏技术,研究费氏弧菌在水质检测中的最佳测试温度和有效性测试条件,并对硫酸锌等多种毒物和几种实际水样进行发光抑制作用分析。研究表明,费氏弧菌冻干粉复苏菌液保存在2～5℃条件下能有效测试7d,最佳测试温度为15℃,最佳测试时间为15min。氯化汞、硫酸锌、硫酸镉等重金属和苯胺、多菌灵、甲醛等有机毒物对费氏弧菌均具有较强的光抑制作用,也即费氏弧菌对以上毒物较为敏感,并能够连续7d保持对同一浓度硫酸锌的敏感性较为一致。对几种实际水样的测试和分析表明,以费氏弧菌为指示生物的发光细菌法能够应用于水质环境安全的综合毒性在线监测预警中。     

基于社会科学统计程序(SPSS)回归性分析的尾矿库事故预测模型

基于社会科学统计程序(SPSS)软件的分析功能,对调查研究中获取的尾矿库案例进行数据提炼和分类编码,找出相关因子并进行回归性分析。最终目的是找出尾矿库各个因素的内在联系,建立简单的尾矿库事故模型,从而可以初步预测尾矿库事故发生的可能性。该预测模型为尾矿库事故的研究提出了新方法,对于防灾减灾以及保护人民生命财产安全起到了积极作用。     

灾难事件后继风险决策

对小概率/高风险的灾难事件的后继风险决策进行探讨,着重在决策的认知神经经济模型框架下,讨论灾难事件后继风险决策的影响因素。灾难事件后人们的风险觉知、信念和假定、经验等认知因素以及灾后情绪因素对于决策分别有不同的影响;人们灾后决策的特点为决策更多直觉化而较少运用理性分析;灾难后继决策有随时间变化的趋势,灾难事件后人们为寻求安全感而出现"损失偏差"(loss bias),该偏差在"获得"和"损失"两种条件下的影响是不同的。灾后风险决策的内在机制或可用思维和决策的双加工系统(dual-process)模型来解释。最后展望了灾难事件后继决策进一步的研究方向。     

突发性背景噪声的修正计算分析

噪声测量过程中蝗受背景噪声的影响,而对于突发性背景噪声因其重现性差,实际操作上的“非同时性”给背景噪声的测量结果及修正均带来一些失准问题。为此对突发性背景噪声的校正问题提出初步建议。     

预测有机化合物对水蚤EC50值的片段常数法

根据217种化合物建立了估算有机化合物对水蚤EC50值（48h半数影响浓度）的片段常数模型,分析了模型的误差及稳健性。研究结果表明,有机化合物的片段常数和结构因子与水蚤的EC50值倒数的对数（lg1/EC50)显著相关,可以根据片段常数法估算有机化合物对水蚤的EC50。模型的可决系数为0.9687,平均绝对误差0.40个对数单位,其中68.7%化合物的误差小于0.5个对数单位。     

废塑料处理技术进展与展望

文章介绍了解决废塑料污染的几种方法,分析了目前我国废塑料回收利用技术的现状,并介绍作者在这方面进行的一些新的研究工作：（1）使用自制的催化剂完成了聚烯烃类塑料催化热解回收燃料油的小试,获得了较好的效果;（2）通过实验对发泡聚苯乙烯热解回收苯乙烯单体的工艺流程提出了优化操作条件。根据国内外实际,文章最后对废塑料回收利用提出了几点建议。     

攀西区域涉重金属典型企业周边环境特征及潜在生态风险

通过对攀西区域安宁河流域的7个断面底泥以及该区域17家典型涉重金属工业周边土壤进行环境质量状况调查和生态风险评价,结果显示,底泥中6种重金属砷、铬、铅、镉、汞和钒含量在凉山州境内特别是冕宁县断面含量最高,污染最重,攀枝花境内米易县部分含量较低;底泥中铅、镉和砷等出现了中重度污染,且钒和铬含量、砷和镉含量之间分别呈极显著和显著相关,同源性特征明显,土壤中镉超标范围最广,超标程度最重且呈面状重度风险,钒和汞超标范围较大,汞出现较重风险,其余为低度风险。