模拟酸雨对葡萄叶片和花粉的影响

以巨峰葡萄为试材,研究了模拟酸雨对叶片和花粉的影响,结果表明：（１） 经ｐＨ２ ．５ 和ｐＨ２ ．０ 的酸雨处理后叶片在短期内均出现不同程度的可见性受害伤斑,叶绿素含量和净光合速率下降．（２） 酸雨使叶片ＳＯＤ活性及不饱和脂肪酸指数（ＩＵＦＡ）下降,膜脂过氧化产物ＭＤＡ 含量及细胞膜透性显著增加,并且这些指标的变化与酸雨ｐＨ值有显著的相关性．（３）叶片对酸雨处理引起的生理伤害有一定的自我修复功能．（４） 酸雨对叶片的生长和花粉发芽有明显的抑制作用     

Characteristics of precipitation chemistry at Lushan Mountain, East China: 1992–2009

Introduction

Trends in precipitation pH and conductivity during 1992?C2009, and in ionic compositions from January 2007 to June 2009, are reported from Lushan Mountain, one of the highest mountains in mid-east China. Annual mean pH was in the range of 4.35?C5.01 and showed a statistically very significant (P?P?Results and discussions Over the period of study, Lushan Mountain received more rainfall in spring and summer. The pH values varied seasonally with winter minima. The winter multiyear seasonal mean pH was 4.35. The corresponding summer value was 4.88. SO ₄ ^2? and NO ₃ ^? were the main anions, and NH ₄ ⁺ and Ca²⁺ the main cations. The anion to cation ratio was 0.8?C1.0, and that of [SO ₄ ^2? ] to [NO ₃ ^? ] was 2.4-3.0, much lower than that of the 1980s. However, sulfuric acid was still the main acid present. The ratio of [NH ₄ ⁺ ] to [Ca²⁺] was about 1.0, suggesting that these two alkaline substances provided close acid neutralizing capacity. The ratio of [Cl^?] to [Na⁺] was about 0.67, somewhat lower than that of natural precipitation.

Conclusions

Ionic composition varied seasonally and was closely correlated to the amounts of rainfall and pollution. Trajectory analyses showed that the trajectories to Lushan Mountain could be classified in six clusters and trajectories originating from the South Sea and the areas surrounding Lushan Mountain had the greatest impacts on precipitation chemistry.     

Optimizing electron spin resonance detection of hydroxyl radical in water

The parameters affecting the electron spin resonance (ESR) detection of hydroxyl free radical in water are studied and optimized. The hydroxyl radical is generated by the Fenton reaction with iron (II) ammonium sulfate and hydrogen peroxide reacting in a phosphate buffer using N-tert-butyl-alpha-phenylnitron as the spin trap. The concentrations of Fe²⁺, H₂O₂, and phosphate buffer are the parameters studied. The Taguchi method and the orthogonal experiment design were used to evaluate the effects of these parameters on the ESR signal intensity. By the analysis of the signal-to-noise ratio and the analysis of variance, the order of importance of the various parameters on the hydroxyl radical formation is determined for optimal ESR detection of hydroxyl radical. The results will help the development of water purification technologies using hydroxyl free radical as a green oxidant.     

电镀污染区植物重金属积累特征研究

采用野外采样室内分析方法,对泰州某电镀污染区12种优势植物和对应土壤中的Cu、Cr、Cd、Pb和Ni5种重金属含量进行测定,揭示了优势植物对复合污染重金属的富集和转运特征。结果表明,该电镀污染区土壤中Cd平均含量为4.10 mg/kg,是GB15618—2008《土壤环境质量标准》中二级标准9.1倍。植物吸收重金属的富集滞留在地上部较多,香樟对Cd,双穗雀稗、野艾篙、牛筋草对Cu,双穗雀稗对Cr,三叶草、蒲公英对Pb,双穗雀稗、苣荬菜对Ni表现出重金属植物修复的潜力,它们是修复Cd污染土壤的理想植物。     

糠醛废水处理工程的调试运行实例

本文就糠醛生产工艺与生产废水水质特点 ,采用中和———厌氧———好氧气浮处理技术 ,对工程试运行中的各个环节及处理问题的措施及小试过程效果的应用 ,作系统的介绍。     

菊酯类农药酶联免疫吸附测定研究进展

介绍了菊酯类农药残留的酶联免疫分析(ELISA)的技术原理、关键技术环节,综述了国内外的酶联免疫测定菊酯类农药残留的研究动态,并展望了此技术的发展及应用前景。     

排污权有偿使用与交易制度若干问题探析——以浙江省温州市为例

排污权有偿使用与交易制度是我国一项重要的环境经济政策。文章以温州市为例,从水环境管理视角出发,探讨排污权有偿使用与交易的若干问题。着重分析温州市初始排污权核定与分配的成效、存在的问题和解决途径,利用平均治理成本等方法设计排污权有偿使用价格,研究排污权交易的实现途径。在此基础上,文章提出应探索利用地方立法权制定排污权相关法律法规、完善初始排污权核定与分配方法、优化排污权竞拍机制和实施市场化激励政策等建议。     

新型厌氧多级喷动床及其厌氧氨氧化脱氮性能分析

为改善厌氧反应器内的流态,加快污泥的颗粒化和形成具有生态梯度的微生物生态系统,设计并制作了新型厌氧多级喷动床,实验测试了反应器的水力喷动、气体喷涌和污泥分层分级现象。在常温下,利用新型厌氧多级喷动床接种混合污泥,经过42 d的培养,成功启动厌氧氨氧化反应器,稳定运行18 d后,NH₄+-N、NO₂--N去除率均达到90%以上。启动60 d后,反应器底部出现大量粒径2 mm左右的颗粒污泥,且污泥具有良好的稳定性和沉降性能,沉降速度达到70 m/h。结果表明:厌氧多级喷动床因其特殊的水力结构,可有效加快污泥的颗粒化。     

废水处理用生物填料的研究进展

概述了废 (污 )水处理用生物填料的现状和发展 ,并针对现今水处理用生物填料存在的亲水性和生物亲和性(活性 )不足这一问题 ,提出了解决办法和发展方向 ,指出生物亲和亲水活性磁种填料的应用 ,可望大大提高废水生物降解的效率。     

软骨藻酸神经毒性作用机制研究进展

在拟菱形藻引发的有毒赤潮中产生的记忆缺失性贝毒(amnesic shellfish poison,ASP)软骨藻酸,经贝类等海洋生物摄入进入食物链,在对海洋生物造成危害的同时,也对人类健康造成威胁。软骨藻酸中毒者临床上表现为呕吐、腹痛和头痛等症状,严重者出现神经系统功能紊乱,如昏迷、抽搐和记忆缺失。软骨藻酸结构上与兴奋性氨基酸谷氨酸相似,它可以通过直接活化KA(kainate)受体和AMPA(α-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionic acid)受体介导兴奋性神经毒。本文主要从线粒体功能紊乱、内质网应激和神经炎症等方面就软骨藻酸的神经毒性作用机制进行了综述。