原水碳源分子量分布及DPB效能对酸化时间的响应

采用超滤-纳滤膜法对污水中碳源分子量(MW)进行切割试验,并测定各区间总有机碳(TOC)浓度以了解污水碳源组成特性;同时采用污水酸化技术,研究在不同酸化时间,碳源分子量分布的变化及对厌氧-膜好氧-反硝化(A2N)工艺中反硝化聚磷菌(DPB)用碳和净污效能的影响.结果表明,试验原水TOC为(58.3±2.83) mg /L,其中颗粒有机碳(POC)为(38.05±1.65)mg /L,占65.27%,剩余溶解有机碳(DOC)在分子量0.5kDa以上区间呈现“W”型分布,其中 MW>100kDa、10k~5kDa、1k~0.5kDa、MW<0.5kDa区间碳源分别占36.20%、12.05%、13.68%和29.83%.在不同酸化时间下,POC含量与DOC分布存在显著差异,在12h内酸化,可以有效将POC转化为DOC,且在14mg/L左右趋于平衡;DOC在大于0.5kDa区间上的分布呈现随时间而整体后移的趋势,在8h时碳源质量最优,其中MW<1kDa的小分子有机物高达17.30mg/L;此时,DPB污泥在厌氧池与缺氧池中的碳源利用率分别为 83.48%、79.59%,比0h时分别提高了23.56%、18.03%;TN、TP去除率分别提高了14.63%、16.98%.     

加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的Al2O3和Fe2O3

采用加压酸浸法提取粉煤灰中的A12O3和Fe2O3.实验研究了粉煤灰粒径、硫酸质量分数、反应时间、反应温度对粉煤灰中Al2O3和Fe2O3浸取率的影响,并通过SEM对粉煤灰酸浸前后的形貌进行了分析.实验结果表明,当粉煤灰粒径为75μm、硫酸质量分数为50％、反应温度为180℃、反应时间为4h时,粉煤灰中的Al2O3浸取率可达82.4％,Fe2O3浸取率为76.1％,经酸浸后粉煤灰的剩余率为72.4％.     

水溶液中对叔辛基酚的紫外光降解研究

研究了185nm紫外光对薄液层中对叔辛基酚(4-OP)的作用规律,考察了初始浓度、液层厚度、光强等因素对4-OP的降解效果的影响.结果表明,用该方法降解水中4-OP,在4-OP初始浓度10mg/L,液层厚度为2mm,光照距离为10cm,光照45min后,去除率可达到95%以上,其降解过程符合表观一级反应动力学特征.     

高压脉冲放电与臭氧氧化联用降解水中对氯苯酚

研究高压脉冲放电与臭氧协同降解水中对氯苯酚影响因素的结果表明,250mg/L对氯苯酚处理30min后降解率达96%.臭氧浓度、自由基捕获剂以及电极之间的距离均可影响对氯苯酚的降解率.增加臭氧浓度及降低电极之间的距离,提高了对氯苯酚的降解率;加入自由基捕获剂,降低了对氯苯酚的降解率.     

南充市城区冬季非甲烷总烃污染特征分析

为了解南充市城区冬季环境空气中非甲烷总烃(NMHC)的污染特征及来源,2020年12月1日～2021年2月28日利用在线监测仪器对NMHC含量进行了连续监测.结果表明:南充市城区冬季环境空气中的NMHC总平均体积分数为(0.37±0.00)×10?6,元旦和春节期间的NMHC含量显著低于周末和工作日;受城区居民生产、生...     

Film mulching reduces antibiotic resistance genes in the phyllosphere of lettuce

Phyllosphere is an important reservoir of antibiotic resistance genes(ARGs), but the transfer mechanism of ARGs from soil and air to phyllosphere remains unclear. This study demonstrated that soil-air-phyllosphere was the dominant ARG transfer pathway, and blocking it by film mulching can reduce typical phyllosphere ARGs in lettuce by 80.7%-98.7%(89.5% on average). To further eliminate phyllosphere ARGs in lettuce grown with film mulching, the internal soil-endosphere-phyllosphere transfer pathw...     

NKA—Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂吸附高浓度苯胺溶液的试验研究

本文利用ＮＫＡ－Ⅱ大孔吸附树脂对高浓度苯胺溶液进行了静态吸附试验,希望利用大孔吸附树脂从化工废水中回收苯胺。     

环境基础设施运营现状及市场化对策

本文对建立环境基础设施社会化投入机制和运营机制提出五条对策建议：即加强规划管理、建立社会化投入机制、推行环保设施运营市场化,发展股份制污染防治企业,加强法制建设并制定配套政策。     

Photosensitivity sources of dissolved organic matter from wastewater treatment plants and their mediation effect on 17α-ethinylestradiol photodegradation

● EE2 photodegradation behavior in the presence of four WWTPs’ DOM was explored. ● The ³DOM* played a major role in the EE2 photodegradation mediated by WWTPs’ DOM. ● The A²/O process DOM contained more aromatic and oxygen-containing substances. ● Possible photosensitivity sources of DOM in the A²/O process were proposed. Dissolved organic matter (DOM) from each treatment process of wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) contains abundant photosensitive substances, which could significantly affect the photodegradation of 17α-ethinylestradiol (EE2). Nevertheless, information about EE2 photodegradation behavior mediated by DOM from diverse WWTPs and the photosensitivity sources of such DOM are inadequate. This study explored the photodegradation behavior of EE2 mediated by four typical WWTPs’ DOM solutions and investigated the photosensitivity sources of DOM in the anaerobic-anoxic-oxic (A²/O) process. The parallel factor analysis identified three varying fluorescing components of these DOM, tryptophan-like substances or protein-like substances, microbial humus-like substances, and humic-like components. The photodegradation rate constants of EE2 were positively associated with the humification degree of DOM (P < 0.05). The triplet state substances were responsible for the degradation of EE2. DOM extracted from the A²/O process, especially in the secondary treatment process had the fastest EE2 photodegradation rate compared to that of the other three processes. Four types of components (water-soluble organic matter (WSOM), extracellular polymeric substance, humic acid, and fulvic acid) were separated from the A²/O process DOM. WSOM had the highest promotion effect on EE2 photodegradation. Fulvic acid-like components and humic acid-like organic compounds in WSOM were speculated to be important photosensitivity substances that can generate triplet state substances. This research explored the physicochemical properties and photosensitive sources of DOM in WWTPs, and explained the fate of estrogens photodegradation in natural waters.     

绿色木霉AS3.3711的葡聚糖内切酶Ⅲ基因的克隆与表达

为研究构建可降解纤维类固体废弃物的工程菌,采用RT-PCR方法克隆到绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)AS3.3711的葡聚糖内切酶Ⅲ(EGⅢ)的cDNA 基因,测序后构建到酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)诱导型表达载体pYES2 上,用正交实验对超声波辅助酵母转化系统进行了优化.转化获得的EGⅢ转化子用2%的β-D-半乳糖诱导,用Northern 杂交、刚果红染色法和CMC糖化力法分别对目的基因的转录和表达产物的葡聚糖内切酶活性进行检测.结果表明, EGⅢ的cDNA 基因开放阅读框长度为1254bp,编码418个氨基酸,推测蛋白质分子量为44.1×103.正交实验中较优组合为第5组(超声波处理60s,温育40min,单链DNA 150μg,热激5min); 刚果红染色显示,转化子可产生明显的水解圈;CMC酶活检测显示该基因能在酿酒酵母中表达有生物活性的EGⅢ并分泌到胞外,发酵液中的酶活在培养60h达到最高0.041 U/mL;最适酶解温度为50℃;最适pH 值为5.8.