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361.
362.
固定化微生物法去除模拟渗滤液中氨氮的研究 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
采用固定化微生物曝气生物滤池(I-BAF)技术成功处理了模拟垃圾渗滤液,探讨了pH和溶解氧(DO)对系统脱氮性能的影响。结果表明,固定化微生物曝气生物滤池反应系统启动迅速,运行稳定,可以有效去除模拟垃圾渗滤液中的有机物和氨氮,其去除率分别达到97.1%和99.9%。在pH为7.5~8.5之间,DO 4.0 mg/L左右的条件下对模拟垃圾渗滤液中氮的去除最为有利,同步硝化反硝化效率以及总氮去除率均达到最高,分别为96.2%和94.3%。这主要是由于I-BAF系统中大孔载体提供了厌氧-兼氧-好氧的微环境,使硝化和反硝化反应在同一个反应器内发生,共同作用实现模拟垃圾渗滤液中总氮的去除。 相似文献
363.
Zhang F Gu W Xu P Tang S Xie K Huang X Huang Q 《Waste management (New York, N.Y.)》2011,31(6):1333-1338
Composting is the biological degradation and transformation of organic materials under controlled conditions to promote aerobic decomposition. To find effective ways to accelerate composting and improve compost quality, numerous methods including additive addition, inoculation of microorganisms, and the use of biosurfactants have been explored. Studies have shown that biosurfactant addition provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, thereby accelerating the composting process. However, biosurfactants have limited applications because they are expensive and their use in composting and microbial fertilizers is prohibited. Meanwhile, alkyl polyglycoside (APG) is considered a “green” surfactant. This study aims to determine whether APG addition into a compost reaction vessel during 28-day composting can enhance the organic matter degradation and composting process of dairy manure. Samples were periodically taken from different reactor depths at 0, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. pH levels, electrical conductivity (EC), ammonium and nitrate nitrogen, seed germination indices, and microbial population were determined. Organic matter and total nitrogen were also measured.Compared with the untreated control, the sample with APG exhibited slightly increased microbial populations, such as bacteria, fungi, and actinomycetes. APG addition increased temperatures without substantially affecting compost pH and EC throughout the process. After 28 days, APG addition increased nitrate nitrogen concentrations, promoted matter degradation, and increased seed germination indices. The results of this study suggest that the addition of APG provides more favorable conditions for microorganism growth, slightly enhancing organic matter decomposition and accelerating the composting process, improving the compost quality to a certain extent. 相似文献
364.
Organophosphorus flame retardants and plasticizers in the atmosphere of the North Sea 总被引:1,自引:0,他引:1
Möller A Xie Z Caba A Sturm R Ebinghaus R 《Environmental pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)》2011,159(12):3660-3665
Air samples collected in the German part of the North Sea from March to July 2010 were investigated for organophosphorus compounds (OPs) being applied as flame retardants and plasticizers. The ∑8OPs concentration ranged from 110 to 1400 pg m−3 while tris(2-chloroisopropyl) phosphate (TCPP) dominated all samples with individual concentrations up to 1200 pg m−3. The highest concentrations were observed in continental air masses showing the high influence of industrialized regions including production sites on atmospheric emissions and concentrations. The occurrence of OPs even in oceanic/Arctic air masses shows that OPs can undergo long-range atmospheric transport. Dry particle-bound deposition fluxes from 9 to 240 ng m−2 d−1 for ∑8OPs were estimated leading to a minimum annual flux of 710 ± 580 kg y−1 OPs into the German North Sea. This study presents the first occurrence of OPs in the marine atmosphere together with important information on their long-range transport potential. 相似文献
365.
生态安全格局对于指导城乡建设用地布局具有重要意义。选择地形条件、地质灾害、土壤侵蚀、生物保护、一般水体保护和太湖湖体保护6个要素作为城乡建设用地空间扩展的生态约束条件,基于GIS空间分析方法和“水桶效应”原理,对湖州市综合生态安全进行评价,制作了湖州市综合生态安全格局即安全区、临界安全区、较不安全区和不安全区的空间分布图,比照湖州市现状建设用地分布图与综合生态安全等级分布图,得到湖州市现状城乡建设用地生态安全格局,根据湖州市生态安全格局,确定湖州市城乡建设用地优先建设区、条件建设区、限制建设区和禁止建设区面积及其空间分布,对湖州市城乡建设用地边界即挖潜边界、扩展边界、整理边界和禁建边界等进行了界定,从而为湖州市城乡建设用地的优化配置和差异化管理决策提供依据 相似文献
366.
Polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in marine fish from four areas of China 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
The levels of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and indicator polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were determined in marine fish from four areas of China (South China Sea, Bohai Sea, East China Sea, and Yellow Sea) using GC/NCI-MS and GC/ITMS, respectively. Total concentrations of eight PBDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153, 154, 183 and 209) in all samples ranged from 0.3 ng g−1 ww (wet weight) to 700 ng g−1 ww, with median and mean values of 85 ng g−1 ww and 200 ng g−1 ww, respectively. BDE-209 and BDE-47 were the major congeners in all samples, contributing 54% and 19% to the total concentration, respectively. The sum of seven indicator PCB levels (CB-28, 52, 101, 118, 138, 153, and 180) ranged from 0.3 ng g−1 ww to 3.1 μg g−1 ww, with median and mean values of 6.4 ng g−1 ww and 398 ng g−1 ww, respectively. High contributions of CB-138 (32%) and CB-153 (25%) were found in all samples. In general, pollutants measured in this study were at high levels when compared with previous studies from other regions in the world. The relative abundance of BDE-209 may suggest that deca-BDE sources existed in studied area. And principal component analysis (PCA) showed that there were other PBDE sources in Yellow Sea. The pattern and PCA showed that PCB pollutions came from similar sources in the studied areas. In addition, concentrations of ∑7PBDEs (u/209) were strongly correlated with those of ∑7PCBs in all fish (r = 0.907, n = 44). 相似文献
367.
Sorption of pyrene on black carbons (BCs) obtained by heating sawdust at two temperatures (400 and 700 °C, denoted as 400BC and 700BC, respectively), as well as on modified BCs (via oxidation, oximation, and hydrolysis) was studied to investigate the role of BC structural characteristics in sorption of hydrophobic organic compounds. Pyrene was bound strongly by 700BC and 400BC, with organic carbon normalized distribution coefficients (Koc) of 105.04-105.86 and 104.65-105.16, respectively, at equilibrium pyrene concentrations of 10-100 μg L−1. Both chemical composition and pore distribution of the two BCs changed after modifications, which led to changes in their sorption characteristics for pyrene. After modifications, the linearity of pyrene sorption isotherm increased for 700BC but decreased for 400BC. For 700BC, both oxidation and oximation reduced pyrene sorption, with Koc decreasing by 69.1-73.7% and 18.7-33.9%, respectively, whereas hydrolysis did not exert a significant influence. For 400BC, oxidation and hydrolysis reduced Koc by 2.28-25.9% and 29.2-33.9%, respectively, while oximation increased Koc. In most cases, the change in sorption capacity could be explained by the changes in C content and type, polarity, surface area, and micropore volume of the BCs; however, the role of conformation (the accessibility to sorption sites) could not be ignored. 相似文献
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370.
以铜绿微囊藻为研究对象,将空气源大气压等离子体射流(APPJ)引入到液相,构建新型的大气压等离子体射流液相反应体系,考察了不同APPJ处理方式对铜绿微囊藻的灭活效率,观察了放电处理的藻细胞形态,分析了培养基p H的变化和液相产生的主要活性物质(H2O2和O3)对藻灭活的作用,并探讨了APPJ灭活铜绿微囊藻的作用机理。研究结果表明,当电压为7 k V,空气气体流速为4 L/min,藻液吸光度约为0.200,铜绿微囊藻的灭活率达到99.16%;处理后的藻发生细胞变形和破裂;处理后的藻液中产生H2O2和O3等活性物质,同时产生大量的NO-3和NO-2离子,导致液相p H迅速下降。通过考察主要活性物质(H2O2和O3)及藻液p H因素发现,单一因素灭活效果不佳,主要活性物质(H2O2和O3)和p H的组合因素是APPJ灭活水中铜绿微囊藻的主要原因。 相似文献