An extraction-assay system: Evaluation on flavonols in plant resistance to Pb and Cd by supercritical extraction-gas chromatography

In this research, supercritical carbon dioxide extraction (SFE) showed better extraction effect when compared with Solid- liquid extraction (SLE), Soxhlet extraction (SE) and Ultrasonic extraction (UE), not only in the rate but also the time. The comparison among these three extraction modifiers, including acetone, ethanol and methanol demonstrated that ethanol was preferred to SFE due to its high extraction effect and low toxicology. In addition, parameter of SFE, influence of temperature and pressure were investigated, and the best extraction effect was achieved at the optima conditions, temperature of 40°C and the pressure of 35 MPa. Thus, SFE is a highly effective method for flavonols extraction, requiring minimum energy and producing non-toxic byproduct. SFE-GC system is applied for the evaluation on flavonols that plays a key role in plant resistance to heavy metal, with its content and synthetase gene expression significantly increasing in plant when threatened by heavy metal. Besides, results indicated that flavonols can improve plant resistance to oxidative stress by quenching the redundant ROS in matrix.

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预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺处理再生纸废水

介绍了预处理-气浮-氧化沟工艺在再生纸废水处理工程中的应用。运行结果表明:该工艺处理效果稳定,耐冲击负荷能力强,进水ρ(COD)、ρ(BOD5)、ρ(SS)分别为1542,654,2254mg/L时,出水分别为77,38,22mg/L,系统出水水质达GB3544-2001《造纸工业水污染物排放标准》。     

论流域环境经济学

流域系统具有整体性、地域分异性、污染的跨界单向外部性,面临着上下游和不同利益群体之间的利益冲突,使得传统环境经济学的理论和方法遇到了障碍.基于环境经济学在流域这一特殊研究对象的理论拓展和实践探索要求,提出了流域环境经济学发展的必要性,阐述了流域环境经济学的概念、内涵和理论基础,并初步构建了流域环境经济学框架和主要内容.研究认为,流域环境经济学是随着流域环境问题不断演化而产生的新研究领域,通过借鉴空间经济学、信息经济学、行为经济学和制度经济学等相关理论和方法,研究流域经济发展与环境保护之间的相互关系及其引发的人与人之间的关系,探索流域环境管理的机制设计和合理的环境经济政策手段,优化流域环境资源配置,实现流域经济增长与环境保护协调发展.      

软质防弹材料的发展

近年来,软质防弹材料发展非常迅猛,本文系统地分析了软质防弹材料的防弹机理及其影响因素,提出了防弹装备设计的关注点。     

Hydrogeochemical and Isotopic Investigations on Groundwater Salinization in the Datong Basin,Northern China1

Abstract: Analyses of major elements, environmental isotope ratios (δ¹⁸O, δ²H), and PHREEQC inverse modeling investigations were conducted to understand the processes controlling the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The hydrochemical results showed that groundwater with high total dissolved solid (TDS) concentrations was dominated by sodium bicarbonate (Na‐HCO₃), sodium chlorite (Na‐Cl), and sodium sulfate (Na‐SO₄) type waters, whereas low‐TDS groundwater from near mountain areas was dominated by calcium bicarbonate (Ca‐HCO₃) and magnesium bicarbonate (Mg‐HCO₃) type waters. The characterization of the major components of groundwater and PHREEQC inverse modeling indicated that the aluminosilicate hydrolysis, cation exchange, and dissolution of evaporites (halite, mirabilite, and gypsum) governed the salinization of groundwater within the Datong Basin. The environmental isotope (δ¹⁸O, δ²H) and Cl^?/Br^? ratios revealed the impact of fast vertical recharge by irrigation returns and salt‐flushing water on the groundwater salinization. According to the analyses of major hydrochemical components and PHREEQC inverse modeling, evaporite dissolution associated with irrigation and salt‐flushing practice was probably the dominant controlling factor for the groundwater salinization, especially in the central part of the basin. Therefore, groundwater pumping for irrigation and salt‐flushing should be controlled to protect groundwater quality in this area.     

饭店绿色竞争力的关键要素与提升路径探讨

饭店的绿色竞争力是企业在提高了绿色化水平后在市场竞争中所表现出来的相对优势。绿色竞争力是企业竞争力的一部分,它主要由绿色技术、绿色管理、绿色产品、绿色人力、绿色营销等五个关键要素构成,并通过这些要素的改进和提高来实现饭店整体竞争力的提升。通过绿色竞争力的提高,可以使饭店在不牺牲环境利益的前提下获得更大、更持续的经营效益。     

主动脉动气流分选处理废弃催化剂

废弃催化剂重整后含有富集贵金属的海绵体和烧结磁珠,二者的有效分选是提纯贵金属富集体的重要环节。主动脉动气流分选装置能够对此物料进行干法分选,避免了湿法分选对物料的改性,有利于贵金属富集体的后续提纯。介绍了主动脉动气流分选装置的结构,分析主动脉动气流分选机理及其动力学模型。通过实际物料进行分选试验。结果表明,在脉动频率为7/3 Hz,气流流速为2.50~6.00 m/s时,总分选效率Ef高于94.50%;在气流流速为3.33 m/s时,分选效率最高,总分选效率Ef可达97.63%。     

高盐度采油废水生物处理影响因素

采用UASB+SBR法处理某海洋油田产生的采油废水。针对该废水难降解和高盐度的特性,探讨总盐度、Cl-浓度、处理负荷、曝气时间等因素对生物处理过程的影响,为工程设计及实际应用提供科学依据。     

几种阴阳离子对磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙的影响

以磷钨酸为光催化剂,在紫外灯照射下,对甲基橙溶液进行光催化降解,考察了几种阴阳离子对磷钨酸光催化降解甲基橙溶液的影响。结果表明：Mg^2＋、Ca^2＋、NO3^-、SO4^2-和CO3^2-均对催化活性有促进作用,其中Mg^2＋和Ca^2＋仅有微弱的促进作用;NO3^-和SO4^2-随着浓度的增加促进作用也有所增加;CO3^2-则随着浓度的增加促进作用呈下降趋势;Mn^2＋、Al^3＋和Cl^-对光解反应存在较强的抑制作用,且Al^3＋和Cl^-随着其浓度的增加,抑制作用增强。     

造林/再造林CDM项目PDD编写中几个重要问题探讨

造林/再造林CDM项目PDD编写在整个CDM项目的实施上占有举足轻重的地位,由于造林/再造林CDM项目目前还处于起步阶段,其中的很多问题还亟待解决,这就造成了PDD编写中必然会存在很多不确定的问题。在造林/再造林CDM项目PDD编写整个流程中涉及到最重要的环节的问题则是解决其他问题的关键。在这些关键问题中包括三个非常重要的问题：基线,额外性,泄漏。本文对这三个问题分别进行阐述,并试着提出相应的解决方法予以探讨。